1. China: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (AKA after the Mongols)
So where are we going next after talking about Japan and the Tokugawa Shogunate?
China: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (AKA after the Mongols)

2. Effects of European Exploration
Exploration created trade opportunities (=profits)
Asia was the new source of wealth.
Europe wanted access to China and Japan
Visitors like Marco Polo increase in number, showing outsiders to the still Mongol-controlled China

3. Ming Dynasty Hongwu Reforms: erase Mongol impact
Drove the Mongols out
1st Ming emperor
Reforms:
restore farmland destroyed
erase Mongol impact
FUN FACT: The Ming capital was moved from Beijing (Yuan Capital) to Nanjing and then back to Beijing
The Mongols had defiled the city and it was rebuilt.
Returned Confucian moral standards.
Restored the merit-based exam system.

4. Later Rule of Hongwu Ruthless tyrant Paranoid
suspected plots against him
murdered thousands of officials
He was succeeded by his son, Yonglo (yung-lu).

5. Yonglo moved capital to Beijing. Know as the Forbidden City
Fun Fact: built a great palace complex to symbolize his power and might
It took 14 years to construct.
Know as the Forbidden City
commoners/foreigners were not allowed inside
Take a Tour (CLICK ME)

7. China’s Isolation To minimize outside influence
only the govt. was allowed to conduct foreign trade.
Impact:
Smuggling became common
Manufacturing/commerce increased
Lack of industrialization (agricultural)
Taxes
Agricultural goods = low
Manufactured goods/imports = high

8. The Qing Dynasty 1600s Ming dynasty was weakening
Overpowered by the Manchus
From north of the Great Wall
Established the Qing Dynasty

10. The Qing Dynasty Lasted appx 260 years Expanded territory:
Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet.
Seen as outsiders
Eventually accepted because:
Kept many Chinese beliefs
Kept social structures.

11. The Qing Dynasty Established Kangxi (kahng-shee) safety prosperity
Most powerful emperor

13. Kangxi Emperor Ruled for 60+ years. Reforms
Reduced government expenses
Lowered taxes
Put scholars in govt
Allowed Jesuit missionaries
Brought knowledge of European science, medicine, and math.

14. What about women?
Could own businesses and positions of power in comparison to their social class
They were being paid, allowed to work more masculine jobs, and could fight
Women taught their children as well as kept the home
Could be concubines
Could be Empress

15. Manchus Continue Isolation
Foreign countries wanted to trade
Forced to follow Chinese rules
Only trade at special ports (Canton & Macao)
Paying taxes.
Dutch accepted Chinese restrictions
They were the preferred partner for China

16. Manchus Continue Isolation
Great Britain also wanted access
They didn’t like the restrictions
The Chinese refused Britain’s request.
Emperor declared that China was self-sufficient and didn’t need British goods.
Eventually this causes a conflict known as the Opium Wars

17. Manchus Continue Isolation
Europeans would continue to chip away at China’s trade restrictions until the empire began to crack.
By the early 1800s, European pressure forced China to open to foreign trade and influence.