1. Look at this!
Please get out objectives #1-7 for a stamp. (Review them for your QUIZ today!)
If you didn’t turn in your decomposition lab, please give it to Ms. Klein as she comes by.

2. Why fossil fuels?

3. Because fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons with lots of bonds

4. What fuels are we using the most? Which are sustainable?

5. Houston is an energy city!
Energy Corridor – international hub for companies
1/3 of all US oil and gas come through the Houston ship channel
45% of US oil is refined in Houston

6. Houston’s oil industry:
Energy is 50% of local economy
More than 25% of all US energy jobs are in H-town
1980’s – Blue collar jobs in oil production
Today – White collar jobs – energy decisions
Energy industry protected Houston in last recession

7. OK, so how do we get it out of the ground?

8. “crude” oil is a mix of hydrocarbons of different lengths trapped in the source rock (remember it’s like a sponge!)
“Look at the last carbon cycle. Put your finger on the part of this cycle that has the same information as the last page” check where kids are pointing (upper left quadrant)
Box in processes in red. Circle locations in green. Students put up on board, as in last sheet.
“The carbon cycle has a fast loop and a very slow loop. Which of these processes look like they involve a lot of time?” (formation of limestone and fossil fuels) “Next to the word Time, add in the process word “formation” to remind yourself that these materials are being formed.”

10. Production in conventional plays: Three stages of recovery
Primary oil recovery: oil flows into well because of gravity and pressure. (Spindletop – gusher started the Texas oil industry in Beaumont)

11. Secondary recovery: longer hydrocarbons must be forced out by water (or gases like CO2)

12. Tertiary recovery – a base like soap is added to water to move the largest hydrocarbons
Base added

13. Refining – turning petroleum into usable products
Observe the differences between the vials. List as many as you can see.
Star the characteristic that you think is significant for separating oil into different products.
Hold up the vial that probably has the longest hydrocarbons.
Hold up the vial with the shortest hydrocarbons.
On what basis did you pick these two vials?

14. Distillation column at refinery
Purpose: to separate crude oil into different products based on length of hydrocarbon chains!
How it works:
Distillation column at refinery

15. Valero refinery on the ship channel

19. The current oil Boom!
2005 – Fracking technology makes more reserves economically viable
2011 – current boom explodes with fracking
US crude output expected to crest around 9.5 million barrels per day in 2016, then begin to decline in (7.5 million barrels/day projected through 2040)

20. Soooooo . . . . Is there a tradeoff?
The oil industry helps Houston because:
The oil industry harms Houston because:

21. Refineries create carcinogenic air pollutants
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes cause cancer

22. What about the neighborhoods near the refineries?

23. Soooooo . . . . There ARE tradeoffs!
The oil industry helps Houston because:
The oil industry harms Houston because: