1. 6.4a Transformations of Exponential Functions
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2. Transformations Transformation f(x) Notation Examples
Horizontal Translation
Graph shifts left or right.
Vertical Translation
Graph shifts up or down.
Reflection
Graph flips over x-axis.
Graph flips over y-axis.
Horizontal Stretch
Graph stretches away from y-axis.
Horizontal Shrink
Graph shrinks toward y-axis.
Vertical Stretch or Shrink
Graph stretches away from x-axis.
Vertical Shrink
Graph shrinks toward x-axis.

3. Example 1
4 units
4 units
4 units

4. Example 2
3 units
2 units
2 units

5. Example 3
Shrink by factor of one-eighth
Reflect across x-axis