1. The Road to Secession Part 2
The 1850s:
Unit 7
PP 7.2
The Road to Secession
Part 2

2. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Stephen Douglas wants western lands in the union and thinks popular sovereignty is the most fair way to go
Letting the people of a territory vote slave or free
1854 Douglas introduces a bill that would repeal the Missouri Compromise…
ie: would make territory above the Missouri line open to slavery
…and create two territories – Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south

3. Remember where the line was?

4. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Thousands went to Kansas. Supporters of both a slave and free territory.
Pro-slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton
Abolitionist supporters set up a government in Topeka

6. Bleeding Kansas! VIOLENCE ERUPTS!!
Pro-slavery supporters burn anti-slavery town of Lawrence “Sack of Lawrence”
Anti-slavery group (led by John Brown) kills 5 slavery supporters “The Pottawatomie Massacre”

7. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

8. Bleeding Kansas spreads to D.C.
Charles Sumner (MA) speaks for two days in the Senate against actions in Kansas
In his speech he makes fun of Andrew Butler of SC (calls him a pimp for slavery)
Two days later…Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew, walks up to Sumner and hits him on the head 5-6 times with a cane
Sumner suffers brain damage and does not return for three years
South applauds Brooks and North denounces him

9. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act

11. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

13. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Book about slavery; portrayed slave owners as horrible and violent and slaves as brave and nice
Northern Response: slavery is evil; increased support for abolition
Southern Response:
Unfair depiction; she’s uniformed; banned book

14. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs.
Northern Democrats.
Free-Soilers.
Know-Nothings.
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

15. Dred Scott Decision

16. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Scott claims that he is free since he had lived in free territory with his master
Supreme Court (Chief Justice Roger B. Taney) ruled that slaves do not have the rights of citizens (couldn’t sue)
Stated that MO Compromise was unconstitutional because it restricted property rights
Result→ Supreme Court clears the way for extension of slavery (territories can’t restrict slavery before statehood)

17. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

18. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

19. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

20. 1860 Presidential Election
John Bell Constitutional Union
Ignored slavery
Abraham Lincoln Republican
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
Popular sovereignty
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
Supported Dred Scott

21. Republican Party Platform in 1860
- Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].
- Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
- No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
- Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
- Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
- Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

22. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

23. 1860
Election
Results

24. Secession: SC→ Dec. 20, 1860

25. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861