1. Biological Chemistry -- Organic: anything with carbon vs.
-- Inorganic: anything NOT containing carbon

2. Macromolecules
Large organic molecules
Basic Structure

3. Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. Functional Groups
Clusters of atoms that give a molecule specific chemical properties

5. Hydroxyl
-OH
Form alcohols
Polar
Forms H bonds

6. Carbonyl
>CO
Form aldehydes (R, H) & ketones (R, R)
Polar

8. Carboxyl -COOH Form carboxylic acids Polar Acidic
Releases H+ in solution

9. Amino
-NH2
Form amines
Polar
Basic

10. Sulfhydral
-SH
Can interact with another molecule to stabilize protein structure

11. Phosphate -OPO32- a.k.a. inorganic phosphate Polar Acidic
Can transfer energy between organic molecules

13. Methyl
-CH3
Nonpolar
Lowers water- solubility