1. LINK to Hamlet

2. Autonomy and Autopsy in Hamlet

3. he proclaimed that "Man is the model of the world."
Vitruvian Man shows how Leonardo understood the proportions of the human body. Each separate part was a simple fraction of the whole…
he proclaimed that "Man is the model of the world."

4. In the pioneering stages of medicine…
THE RENAISSANCE AND ADVANCEMENTS IN EARLY MODERN MEDICINE
In the pioneering stages of medicine…
… However anatomy was seen as opposing God, Why do you want to question the power of the ‘everlasting’?

5. Autopsy in correlation with Hamlet
It begins with an external examination, observing what is on the surface.
Then, you remove the organs. Rib shears help to cut through the ribs.
Most important place to look is the thoracic cavity, heart and lungs.
Ladles, used to scope and measure bodily fluids.
‘With a very sharp razor make a circular incision around the umbilicus, deep enough to penetrate the skin… to place the dissected body before the eyes of the student of nature’s work.’
(Andreas Vesalius, De Fabrica)
THINK: How does this link to Hamlet?

6. How does this link to Hamlet? Think: Tragic flaw
In trying to find reason for death, or in this case proving Claudius’ guilt, dissecting too much, results in destroying what Hamlet initially was trying to find out.
He eventually loses himself in all his soliloquies, about the ghost, the truth behind his father’s death and the reason for living.
The virtue of ‘that which… passes show’. (Act 1, Scene 2)
‘The student of inwardness… annihilates the interior, like the physicist who explodes subatomic particles in order to reveal the structure they supposedly used to possess.
(Katherine Eisaman Maus, Inwardness and theatre)

7. What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like
a god! the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals—and yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust?
Hand out, group activity
Thus reducing man to the ‘Quintessence of dust’
Must dissect Hamlet in the same way, “something inward unseen”

8. But a soliloquy — from the Latin solus ("alone") and loqui ("to speak") — is a speech that one gives to oneself.
In a play, a character delivering a soliloquy talks to themselves - thinking out loud
Audience gain a better understanding of what is happening to the character internally.
A soliloquy is essentially many voices talking in one body.

9. Can we define Hamlet’s madness?
Hallucinations are where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that don't exist outside their mind. They're common in people with schizophrenia, and are usually experienced as hearing voices. Hallucinations can be frightening, but there's usually an identifiable cause.
Hallucination of soliloquy: Speaking component and hearing component of schizophrenic hallucinations… cases of schizophrenia with hallucinatory soliloquy are presented, and the concept of the symptom, hallucination of soliloquy is proposed.
In hallucination of soliloquy, while having the experience of hearing his own voice, the patient has a conviction that he speaks out aloud, without actually vocalizing.
It is an abnormal experience of both speaking and hearing; that is, a combination of auditory hallucination and motor hallucination.

10. Act 1, Scene 2 The body of Hamlet
O that this too too solid flesh would melt,
Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!
Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!
…Frailty, thy name is woman! —
A little month; or ere those shoes were old
With which she followed my poor father's body
Like Niobe, all tears; — why she, even she, —
O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason,
Would have mourn'd longer, — married with mine uncle,
My father's brother; but no more like my father
Than I to Hercules: within a month;
Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears
Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,
She married: — O, most wicked speed, to post
With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!
Act 1, Scene 5
O all you host of heaven! O earth! what else?
And shall I couple hell? O, fie! — Hold, my heart;
And you, my sinews, grow not instant old,
But bear me stiffly up. — Remember thee!
Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat
In this distracted globe. Remember thee!
Yea, from the table of my memory
I'll wipe away all trivial fond records,
All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past,
That youth and observation copied there;
And thy commandment all alone shall live
Within the book and volume of my brain,
Unmix'd with baser matter: yes, by heaven! —
O most pernicious woman!
O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain!
My tables, — meet it is I set it down…
Act 2, Scene 2
O, what a rogue and peasant slave am…
Why, what an ass am I! This is most brave,
That I, the son of a dear father murdered,
Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,
Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words
And fall a-cursing like a very drab,
A scullion! Fie upon ’t, foh!...
For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak.
The body of Hamlet
Hamlet has seven soliloquies in Hamlet. Their significance lies in their characterizing of Hamlet as an introspective and anguished character...
Hamlet's contemplation of the meaning of life and death, largely through his many soliloquies, elevates this play from another entertaining bloodbath to a haunting meditation on universal questions about mortality, truth and purpose.
(Exam tip: As a form of revision, go over all of his soliloquies to gain a wholesome understanding of Hamlet, how they fit in with the rest of the play.)
Act 3, Scene 1
To be, or not to be--that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
No more--and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--
To sleep--perchance to dream:
Act 4, Scene 4
How all occasions do inform against me
And spur my dull revenge! What is a man
If his chief good and market of his time
Be but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more.
Sure he that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and godlike reason
To fust in us unused. Now, whether it be
Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple
Of thinking too precisely on the event
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom
And ever three parts coward; I do not know
Why yet I live to say 'This thing's to do‘…
Act 3, Scene 3
Now might I do it pat now he is praying,
And now I'll do it, and so he goes to heaven.
And so am I revenged, that would be scanned.
A villain kills my father; and for that,
I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven.
O, this is hire and salary, not revenge.
He took my father grossly, full of bread -
With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May.
And how his audit stands, who knows save heaven?
But in our circumstance and course of thought,
'Tis heavy with him, and am I, then, revenged;
To take him in the purging of his soul,
When he is fit and seasoned for his passage?
No…
Act 3, Scene 2
'Tis now the very witching time of night,
When churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out
Contagion to this world: now could I drink hot blood,
And do such bitter business as the day
Would quake to look on. Soft! now to my mother. —
O heart, lose not thy nature; let not ever
The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom:
Let me be cruel, not unnatural;
I will speak daggers to her, but use none;
My tongue and soul in this be hypocrites, —
How in my words somever she be shent,
To give them seals never, my soul, consent!

11. We are constantly shown what is true and fake, therefore Hamlet is driven to madness and guilt.
Soliloquies allude to the idea of self dissection, showing inward operation and frame. A body reducing and reducing...
We see his character develop through these soliloquies because these are arguably the points which provide an honest insight into his thought process.

12. My notes from the seminar:
In dissection of Hamlet (in terms of literature), the first half of the play we hear a lot from Hamlet with frequent soliloquies. However, when he comes back from England, we get little access to Hamlet’s thought process, as he distances himself from the audience(the fourth wall).
Saint Angnston, Book of soliloquies. Soul, body, heart, head. Soliloquies build tension.
What was a soliloquy, many voices talking in one body, just like Hamlet.
Last act is microcosm for revenge. Realistically speaking, we didn’t need any of the play apart from the last , as we don’t need the tension build up in Hamlet. It should be much more straightforward.
Anatomy theatre, how medicine was learnt.
Hamlet was a scientist. Inward looking person, What a piece of work is a man?
Trying to find true state, In dissecting too much, you end up destroying what you were trying to find out in the beginning.
Anatomy was seen as opposing God, Why do you want to question God?
Thus reducing man to the ‘Quintessence of dust’
Must dissect Hamlet in the same way, “something inward unseen”
Introversion too much concerned with hiding.
Horatio is a glimpse of hope in the restoration of society. However, every time we read Hamlet, we re-live that cycle, Hamlet tragedy.
There is nothing good to say about Hamlet. Even if Horatio wants to tell a heroic story, effectively, it only gives the audience more reason not to see him as one.
In other interpretations Horatio can be seen as representation of Hamlet’s true self. He is the voice of rationality, as he constantly checks in on Hamlet and his state of mind. (To be or not to be poetry has taken over that rationality).In the end, Hamlet potentially does the right thing for the wrong reason (does is matter though?)
Constantly shown what is true and fake, therefore being driven to madness and guilt.
Soliloquy shows self dissection to show inward operation and frame. A body reducing and reducing.
Think you have fortification/boundary, something rotten in the state of Denmark…
Alleys- city/scientific metaphors. Magic of potion.
Every structure Hamlet ever trusted is essential broken and/or corrupt, hence why it all dies – link to autopsy, what is rotten- except Horatio and Fortinbras.

13. References: