1. TAV Chapter 22
The Cold War Begins

2. The origins of the cold war
Chapter 22 Section 1
The origins of the cold war

3. Yalta Conference
Feb – Dispute over what to do with the Polish Govt.
Polish Govt. had fled to GB when Germany took over.
After the Soviets liberated Poland they set a Communist Govt.
Debate over which was the legitimate leaders of Poland

4. FDR and Churchill agreed to recognize the Soviet based Govt
FDR and Churchill agreed to recognize the Soviet based Govt. after Stalin agreed to place some of the prewar leaders in the Govt.
Also hold free elections as soon as poss.

5. Declaration of Liberated Europe
People choose their Govt.
Temporary Govts. until elections can take place

6. Dividing Germany Germany would be divided into 4 sections
Berlin too would be divided into 4 zones also

7. Romania
2 weeks after Yalta the Soviets forced Romania to set up a Communist Govt.
The Soviets wanted to keep Germany weak and insure that they would have a buffer zone with the countries between the USSR and Germany

8. FDR Dies Truman became takes a strong anti-Communist stand
Demands that Poland have free elections

9. Potsdam Conference July 1945, Truman and Stalin meet near Berlin
Agreements made on equipment for food shipments as reparations

10. Iron Curtain
Stalin pronounces that the countries that it occupies will have the economic system that they want.
Satellite nations

12. Chapter 22 Section 2
Early cold war years

13. The Long Telegram
Sent by George Kennan
Soviet insecurity
Containment

14. Truman Doctrine
Truman pledged to give support to any country that resisted subjugation from outside forces
March 12, 1947, $400 million to aid Turkey and Greece

15. The Marshall Plan
George C. Marshall proposed having countries make plans on how they plan to rebuild their infrastructure and the US would pay for it.
Satellite nations were not allowed by the Soviets to take part
11 billion

16. Berlin Airlift
US, GB, & France decide to issue a common currency & merge their zones of Germany and Berlin.
The Soviets decide to block off the routes through the Soviet zone into the western section of Berlin.
From June 1948 to May of 1949
The US dropped in supplies to Berliners who were in the western zones

17. NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
12 countries join and pledge protection to one another
6 years later West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO
The Soviets react by forming the Warsaw Pact w. the satellite countries

18. Nuclear Expansion
Sept. 1949, the Soviet Union announces that they have successfully detonated a nuclear bomb.

19. Chinese Revolution
Communists led by Mao Zedong overthrew the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek
Oct 1949
Chiang is forced to the island of Taiwan
US only recognizes Taiwan as China

20. The Korean War Following WW II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel
Soviets took the north and the US took the south
June 25, 1950, N. Korean troops crossed into the S.

25. UN Action UN troops led by the US were sent to stop the N. Koreans
Troops push back from Pusan and Marines invaded behind enemy lines at Inchon.
Pushed back to the Yalu River causing the Chinese to invade to help the N. Koreans

26. Communist Attack
Communist Chinese & N. Koreans pushed the UN forces back below the 38th
MacArthur wanted to use nuclear bombs against China for entering the war.
Truman wanted to keep it a limited war
MacArthur publicly criticized Truman for his approach to the war
April 1951, Macarthur was fired for insubordination

27. Truman wanted to keep it a limited war
MacArthur publicly criticized Truman for his approach to the war
April 1951, Macarthur was fired for insubordination

28. Eisenhower Eisenhower runs promising to end the war in Korea
July 1953 armistice is signed
33,600 American soldiers were
killed

29. SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Defensive treaty w. countries Asia
Led to aid for France fighting Communists in Vietnam

30. The Cold war & American Society
Chapter 22 Section 3
The Cold war & American Society

31. Second Red Scare
Sept 1945, Igor Gouzenko defected and warned of Soviet plans to gain information through people who were in Govt. agencies.

32. Loyalty Program
Govt. employees were screened for loyalty to the US Govt.
2,000 employees quit their jobs
212 people were fired

33. HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee
To investigate Communist and Fascist activities

34. HUAC & Hollywood
1947 hearings were held to investigate Communists in Hollywood
Pres. Of the Screen Actors Guild, Ronald Reagan testified that there were Communists in Hollywood
Also stated that Hollywood could police itself
US govt should be strong enough to withstand the internal threat

35. Alger Hiss 1948, Whittaker Chambers testified
that several Govt officials were
communists or spies
Alger Hiss was identified
Denied involvement but evidence was
produced proving accusations were true
Charged w. perjury Bc. statute of
limitations had run out for spying.

36. Rosenbergs
Julius and Ethel were members of the Communist party and helped ferry top secret nuclear information to the Soviets.
Charged w. espionage and sentenced to death

37. Many thought they were innocent but later the Venona Papers proved they were guilty.
Venona was not revealed to the public until 1995.
Executed in June 1953

38. McCarthy Senator from Wisconsin
Feb 1950, announced that he had a list of 205 people who were Communists influencing State Dept policy

39. Soon anyone who did not agree w McCarthy would be accused of being Communist
Began looking for Communists in the Army
Joseph Welch challenged him & led to his down-fall

40. Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies
Ch 22 Section 4
Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies

41. Eisenhower
Massive retaliation was the threat of using atomic weapons against our enemies.
Brinkmanship was being willing to push an issue to the point of going to war if needed.

42. Nuclear Threats
Eisenhower’s veiled threat of using nuclear weapons caused the Chinese and N. Koreans to sign an armistice
Taiwan
China threatened that they would take Taiwan & Eisenhower hinted at using nuclear bombs to protect Taiwan

43. Suez Crisis
Egypt took over the canal which was operated by a British and French company
GB and France invaded Egypt but the US convinced them to stand down
Egypt began working w the Soviets and soon other Arab nations did so too.

45. U2
Francis Gary Powers