1. Macromolecules Building blocks Of life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Building blocks
Of life
Science Is Real© by Ana Ulrich 2016

2. What is organic chemistry?
Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain bonds with carbon atoms.
All living things contain the element carbon.

3. Can form millions of different large and complex structures.
What’s The big Deal About Carbon?
No other element comes close to matching carbon’s versatility!
These Mighty Atoms:
Can form millions of different large and complex structures.
Easily Bond with elements and each other
Can form chains and rings.
Can form single, double, or triple bonds
Benzene

4. AKA Organic molecules or biomolecules
Macromolecules
AKA Organic molecules or biomolecules
Macromolecules are large organic compounds formed from hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules.
Small molecules that join together are monomers. (mono means “one”). Monomers are like links in a chain.
When monomers join together they form long polymers. (poly means “many). Polymers are chains of monomers.

5. How many different “monomers” make up this necklace?
Polymers
Think of polymers as a beaded necklace. Like the different beads on this necklace, polymers can be made from different monomers.
How many different “monomers” make up this necklace? 6

6. What are the groups of macromolecules?
Macromolecules in living things are grouped based on their chemical compositions
4 Main Macromolecules are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

7. CARBOHYDRATES! AKA: Sugars and Starches
Usually colorless, water soluble, and crystalized.
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Monosaccharaides
Polymer: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

8. CARBOHYDRATES!
Carbohydrates are classified in groups based on number of different molecules.
1 Molecule - Monosaccharaide
2 Molecules - Disaccharides
3 or More Molecules – Polysaccharides

9. Functions of CARBOHYDRATES
1. Readily Available Source of
Short Term Energy. QUICK!
2. Energy Storage
Glycogen stores energy in animals
-liver and muscle cells
Starch stores energy in plants
3. Structural
Cell Walls in Bacteria and Plants
Exoskeletons of Insects, Arthropods, and Crustaceans.

10. Monosaccharide Carbohydrates AKA: Simple Sugars Examples: Glucose
Glucose - “Blood Sugar” immediately used
Fructose - In Fruits
*Hint* “Mono” Means One!
Glucose
Fructose

11. Carbohydrates AKA: Complex Carbohydrates What does “poly” mean?
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
AKA: Complex Carbohydrates
What does “poly” mean?
Examples:
Glycogen: Energy storage in animals.
Starch: Energy storage in plants
Cellulose: Builds cell walls for plants

12. Lipids! AKA: Fats, Oils, and Waxes
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Polymer: Fats, Oils, Waxes
Functions:
Stores Energy in Long Term
Make Up Cell Membranes
Steroids
Examples:
Fats & Oils: Energy Storage
Waxes: Repel Water
Steroids: Cholesterol, Sex Hormones, and Cortisol
Phospholipid Cell Membranes: Protect and Regulate Cell Homeostasis
**Lipids are generally NOT soluble in water.**

13. Polymer: Phospholipids
Make up cell membranes.
Phospholipids pair up to create a protective phospholipid bilayer.
By bradleyhintz

14. Proteins
The Most Diverse
Macromolecule Group
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Atoms (CHON)
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Functions:
Form Cell Structures
Transport Substances In and Out of Cells
Enzymes control the rate of reactions
Hormones to Regulate Cell Processes
Defense Against Disease (antibodies)
All Amino Acids Contain an Amino Group & Carboxyl Group
Enzymes Control Reaction Rates

15. Protein structure and function
Amino acids link together to form a polypeptide.
About 20 Amino Acids are found in nature.
A protein is built from one or more polypeptides.
Formed by RNA

16. Nucleic Acids!
Composed Of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (CHONPS)
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic Acids
Functions:
Store and Transmit Hereditary or Genetic Information - DNA
Protein Synthesis – RNA (LOOK UP SYNTHESIS in GLOSSARY!!)

17. Nucleic Acids that make up DNA and RNA are made of 3 parts:
CHONP! Nucleic acids
Nucleic Acids that make up DNA and RNA are made of 3 parts:
1. Monosaccharide:
DNA- deoxyribose
RNA- ribose
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
cytosine, guanine,
adenine, thymine, uracil

18. Use This video to answer questions on your student handout!
Let’s Sum It up!
Use This video to answer questions on your student handout!

19. Get Your Electronic Devices Ready for FUN!
Let’s See What You’ve Learned!
Students – Go to Kahoot.it
Teachers DO NOT need an account to facilitate! It’s Easy and Effective!
Students do not need accounts! Students LOVE Kahoot!!!
Science Is Real© by Ana Ulrich 2016