1. Stimulation of Shank Muscles During Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Increases Ankle Excursion in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury 
Ché Fornusek, PhD, Glen M. Davis, PhD, Ilhun Baek, MPty 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 93, Issue 11, Pages (November 2012)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) FES cycling setup used with retroreflective markers. The depicted position of the right pedal boot is when the crank is at top dead center; this position is defined as zero degrees. (B) Pedal boot with rotating calf support that allowed ankle movement. (C) Biomechanical model used for definition and analysis of joint angles.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Protocol used to determine the effect of stimulation angles for TA and TS on ankle movement. The gray area indicates the angle where the muscle was stimulated. Initially stimulation was applied between 0° and 90° (A), the muscles were then given a short rest, and the stimulation angles advanced by 45° (B). This procedure was repeated (C … G) until the full range of muscle stimulation angles was investigated (H). Zero degrees is defined as top dead center position for the pedal crank (see fig 1).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Stimulation angle of TA muscle and induced ankle excursion (n=7). * indicates significant difference from passive cycling. The horizontal line represents passive cycling ankle excursion (19°). Error bars represent SD.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Stimulation angle of TS muscle group and induced ROM (n=7). * indicates significant difference from passive cycling. The horizontal line represents passive cycling ankle excursion (19°). Error bars represent SD.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Ankle ROM during cycling with stimulation of different muscle groups (n=6). * indicates significant difference from passive cycling and QHG, and † indicates a significant difference from QHG+SHANK. The horizontal line represents passive cycling ankle excursion (19°). Error bars represent SD.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions