1. Chapter 14 North and South
Lesson 1:
The Industrial North

2. Three Phases of Industrialization
Before industrialization: workers made goods one item at a time
Industrialization changed all of that
Phase One
Phase Two
Phase Three
Employers divided jobs into smaller steps
Each worker would specialize in one step and become an expert
Entrepreneurs built factories to bring specialized workers together
Allowed products to move quickly from one worker to the next
Workers used machines to complete tasks
Machines worked faster than any human
Workers now tended machines instead of weaving

3. Changing Transportation
Between 1800 and 1850, thousands of miles of roads and canals were built
1840s canals had to be widened and deepened for steamboats
By 1860, about 3,000 steamboats traveled throughout the country
This encouraged the growth of cities
Sailing technology improved during the 1840s
Clipper ships: could sail 300 miles per day, featured tall sails and sleek hulls, as fast as steamboats, got their name because they “clipped” time from long journeys
Before clippers: NY to Great Britain 21 to 28 days
After clippers: NY to Great Britain half that

4. The Railroads Arrive Horses pulled early trains
1829: first steam-powered passenger train began running in Britain
By 1840: steam-powered locomotives were pulling trains in the U.S.
1840: U.S. had almost 3,000 miles of railroad track
By 1860 there was about 31,000 miles mainly in the North and Midwest connecting many cities

6. Moving Goods and People
Improvements in transportation provided benefits to both businesses and consumers
Farmers and manufacturers could move goods faster and cheaper
The price of goods lowered
Fast, affordable train travel brought people to the Midwest and states like Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois grew in population

7. Progress with Problems
SS Central America: 270 foot steamer, NY to Panama, September 1857 the steamer was carrying a full load of people and gold when it hit a hurricane, ship sank of the coast of Carolinas, hundreds drowned
Great Train Wreck of 1856: two trains slammed head-on, about 60 people died, and more than 100 were injured, this caused newspapers to demand railroad companies to improve their methods and safety

8. Communications Breakthrough
Telegraph – device that used electric signals to send messages
Allowed for information to be communicated in minutes rather than days
Allowed for businesses to become more efficient with production and shipping
Telegraph operators sent messages quickly by using Morse Code
Morse Code – system of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet
By 1852, there were about 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the U.S.

9. Advancements in Agriculture
New machines and the ease of access to railroads allowed farmers to plant more acres with cash crops
Midwestern farmers grew wheat and shipped it east by train and canals
NE and Middle Atlantic farmers increased their production of fruits and veggies
Agriculture in the North was growing, but industry was growing faster

10. Fill out using pages 382-387 Inventor Invention Purpose Elias Howe
Robert Fulton
Peter Cooper
Samuel Morse
John Deere
Cyrus McCormick