1. The Allies Win and the End of War

2. Formative Assessment on Reading
Respond to this statement with proof from your reading: “Let’s hope 1942 brings as much good fortune as 1941.” - Adolf Hitler

3. The Allies Plan for Victory
December 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt meet and determine that the U.S. will help its allies
Stalin wanted to open up the western front so the Germans have to fight on both fronts but Roosevelt and Churchill begin fighting in North Africa and southern Europe

4. The North Africa Campaign
Germans had been successful at advancing across the North African desert
When German General Erwin Rommel took Tobruk in 1942, the British got nervous and sent Bernard Montgomery to fight
Battle of El Alamein- Montgomery defeats Rommel
Operation Torch- Allied force led by Dwight D. Eisenhower lands in Morocco and Algeria and finally defeats the Afrika Korps

5. Stalingrad
German armies had stalled in Leningrad and Moscow (partly because of winter weather)
August 1942 Battle of Stalingrad-  Hitler's Luftwaffe destroyed much of the city but the residents wouldn't give in and they stalled again
By November another Russian winter was upon the troops and neither side was willing to give in
February 1943 the German soldiers surrender
The city was destroyed but it meant that the Germans were now on the defensive

6. Italy July 1943 Roosevelt and Churchill begin attacking Italy
Mussolini fell from power when Sicily was invaded
September- Italy surrendered
Hitler, however, took charge of northern Italy
June 1944 Allies enter Rome but fighting would continue until 1945 when Germany fell
Mussolini was hanged

7. Life at Home During the War
Total war- factories began to produce wartime goods like boats or machine guns
Many women enter the workforce and most Americans work in factories producing goods for the war
Rationing dictated by governments
Propaganda used widely to inspire support for the war effort

8. Allied Victory in Europe
D-Day invasion- June 6, 1944
Code-name- Operation Overlord
Invasion of Normandy was the greatest land and sea attack in history
Combined allied force of British, American, French, and Canadian forces
Huge casualties on the beach
July 25- allies break through the German defense
Aug. 25- Allies march to Paris
By September France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands had been liberated

9. Storming Normandy- Operation Overlord

10. The End..... Germany now surrounded and fighting a two-front war
Battle of the Bulge
Dec. 16, 1944 Hitler decides to counterattack allied forces
He was successful for a moment but ultimately lost
April 25, 1945 Soviets had surrounded Berlin
Hitler married his longtime girlfriend, Eva Braun, and then they commit suicide
May 7, 1945 German military surrenders
May 8-  Victory in Europe Day (V-E day)

11. Japanese Retreat and Surrender
1944 MacArthur returned to Philippines
Kamikaze – Japanese suicide pilots
March 1945 – Americans take Iwo Jima
Truman drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
Sep. 2 – Japan surrenders

12. After the War: Europe in Ruins
Destruction of WWII unprecedented (60 million dead)
Europe in ruins-
40 million people dead
cities destroyed from bombing
countryside also in ruins
no jobs left because cities destroyed
People begin starving to death

14. Postwar Governments and Politics
many people blamed their governments for the mess
Increase in Communist party membership until the economies stabilized

15. How did they Deal with the Holocaust?
Nuremburg Trials- 1946
22 Nazis put on trial
12 sentenced to death
Some war criminals escaped by committing suicide before the trials
Other war criminals escaped Germany and lived incognito in other countries

16. Effects of Defeat in Japan
August 1945 Japan surrenders to MacArthur
country's major cities ruined
2 million people dead
no more colonial empire

17. U.S. Occupation of Japan
U.S. occupies Japan and takes away their army (demilitarization)
U.S occupation lasts until 1953
U.S. General MacArthur leads occupation
War criminals were tried and sentenced

18. Japan’s New Constitution
May 1947 new constitution- parliamentary democracy with a 2- house Diet (congress)
Post of prime minister established
Vote for citizens over 20
Japan not allowed to begin an offensive war
Sep formal peace treaty with Japan
** As a side note, Japan’s economy rapidly increased because the government diverted all resources to businesses and industry because they had no military expenditure