1. The effect of insulin on human small intestinal mucosal protein synthesis 
Michael Charlton, Bo Ahlman, K.Sreekumaran Nair 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 118, Issue 2, Pages (February 2000)
DOI: /S (00)
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Time course of glucose levels during insulin deprivation. Mean (±SEM) results are shown for each time point. Time (minutes) refers to the time before (−) or after (+) initiation of isotope infusion. Glucose levels initially increased during insulin deprivation and were stable during the period of isotope infusion (time 0 → +240 minutes).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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3. Fig. 2
Time courses of the enrichments of 13C-KIC and 13CO2 (atom percent excess). Enrichments were all stable during the periods used for kinetics calculations. Isotopic steady state was achieved by 60 minutes. Controls, healthy nondiabetic controls; type 1 DM (INS+), type 1 diabetes during insulin treatment; and type 1 DM (INS−), type 1 diabetes during insulin deprivation.
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4. Fig. 3
Individual values and means (joined by lines) for mucosal 13C-leucine enrichment at 240 minutes. Mucosal samples were obtained through endoscopic biopsy.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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5. Fig. 4
Small intestinal mucosal protein FSRs calculated using plasma 13C-KIC (▩) and mucosal tissue-free fluid (●) for estimation of precursor pool enrichment. The FSR of mucosal proteins was significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes during insulin deprivation (type 1, ins−) than in patients with type 1 diabetes during insulin treatment (type 1 DM, ins+) and healthy nondiabetic controls. *P ± 0.04 compared with patients with type 1 diabetes during insulin treatment and controls.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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