1. Shiva Hari Adhikari Nepal Administrative Staff College
Building Integrity - II
Shiva Hari Adhikari
Nepal Administrative Staff College

2. Discussion
Is there any kind of systematic advantage to ethical behavior or any kind of systematic disadvantage to unethical behavior in our workplaces?
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

3. Study findings
Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

6. Officer, Non-officer and Corruption complaints
Types of Corruption Complain
Position
Total
(N)
Officer (%), N = 803
Non-Officer (%), N = 1213
Fake Document Related
11.0
89.0
100.0 (630)
Illegal Benefits and Illicit Earnings
66.4
33.6
100.0 (286)
Bribery
42.7
57.3
100.0 (260)
Fraud
56.0
44.0
100.0 (50)
Misuse of Public Property
50.1
49.9
100.0 (485)
Procurement and Construction
53.1
46.9
100.0 (305)
39.8
60.2
100.0 (2016)
Chi Square
***
Likelihood Ratio
***
Phi and Cramer's V
0.419***
Note: Table generated based on the cases published in CIAA annual reports ( ).

7. Table: Statistical analysis of the gap between law and practice
regarding integrity in public sector (1 = very weak and 5 = very strong)
Minimum Average Value
Maximum Average Value
Mean
Std. Deviation
Integrity Provisions 1 4
2.69
.69
Integrity Practice
3.86
2.46
.65
Total (N = 54)
Source: Field Survey, 2017

9. Foundation: Integrity and Ethics
How supportive are the political institutions?
How are the relationships among social groups and between social groups and the political system in the country?
How is the socio-economic situation of the country?
How supportive are the prevailing ethics, norms and values in society?

10. Prisoner’s Dilemma
Two thieves arrested for a crime promise not to betray each other. But the police put them into separate rooms and tell each thief the same thing as follows: If you confess and your partner keeps silent, you go free and he gets 5 years in prison; if he confesses and you keep silent, he goes free and you get 5 years in prison. If you both confess, then you both get 3 years in prison. If you both keep silent, then we will give you each 1 year in prison on a lesser charge”.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

11. Prisoner’s Dilemma: Case
“Banker’s Association (BA) tried to fix the interest rate for all the 28 commercial banks”
“NIC Asia Bank broke the term of gentleman’s agreement and hiked its interest rate at 10% for savings and 12% at fixed deposits”
“The BA members decided not to conduct any kind of inter-banking transactions with NIC Asia”
“BA and NIC Asia Bank have reached an agreement to lower interest rates on fixed deposits”
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

12. Importance of Integrity
More integrity in delivering basic services could enhance the quality of life.
KATHMANDU: Around 430,000 children in the country are malnourished due to lack of nourishment and of them 91,000 are suffering from rapid malnutrition.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

13. Importance of Integrity
More integrity in health sector could save the sick Dalit girl’s life.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

14. Importance of Integrity
More integrity in education sector could improve children’s education.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

15. Importance of Integrity
More integrity in courts could save women’s freedom.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

16. Importance of Integrity
More integrity could make building/
structure safe.
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

17. How much important is integrity in your workplace? Why?
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

18. EPF’s Vision and Mission
Through leadership role as the national social security provider, establish the fund as a social security organization of international standards)
Mission
… establish the fund as Nepal's most reputed social security organization;
… develop the fund as a social security organization of international standards;
…''A happy big family of satisfied members'‘; and
… contribute in the country’s economic development.

19. Importance of Public Sector Integrity and Ethics
Corner stone of good governance
Rising expectations from ordinary citizens, media and civil society which is the result of media attention and public awareness
Integrity, an essential aspect of democratic institution
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

20. Drivers of Public Sector Integrity and Ethics
At society level
At individual level
Interest and capabilities
At profession level
At organization level
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

21. Public Sector Ethics: Critical Aspects
Publicness in public service (rival & excludable)
Culture of integrity in public service
Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment
Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

22. Public Sector Ethics: Critical Aspects
OECD Framework (Toolkit of Integrity)
Healthy governance
Effective prevention
Sharp detection
Robust examination and recovery
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

23. Issues in Public Sector Ethics and Integrity
Confusion over what is ethical: multiple standards exist
The “Boss” bribing the subordinates to get the job done in the organization or vice versa.
Mostly protectors are the violators
Ethical person becoming odd or unpopular member in the team
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

24. Issues in Public Sector Ethics and Integrity
Difficult to work honestly or ethically – more difficult to make people believing that one is ethical!
Unethical behaviors deeply rooted in the work culture / myths being valued or re-enforced
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

25. Options A businessman’s approach A market or an economist’s approach
A lawyer’s approach
Toughening laws & legislations
A businessman’s approach
Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption).
A market or an economist’s approach
Introduce or increase competition
An institutional approach
Genuine political/leadership commitment

26. Promoting Integrity and Ethics
Identify and name an integrity problem
Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem
Identify the solution

27. Public Sector Ethics: Lessons from CPI High Ranked Countries
Administrative culture:
rules are brief, clear and strict
few level of bureaucracy
autonomy on the local level
collective decision system
job security (a public official's bread may be thin but at least it is long)
presence of women in decision making post
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019

28. Public Sector Ethics: Lessons from CPI High Ranked Countries
Transparency of the work
Supervision of decision
Law enforcement
SHA_NASC
19/04/2019