1. Modern Language Association
Formatting and Citations

2. Paper Format Double spaced throughout 12 pt., Times New Roman
1 inch margins on all sides
Last name and page number in the top right hand corner
Heading (also double spaced)
Name
Instructor (Mr. Gathman)
Class (English 7-8)
Date
Title is NOT underlined or bolded

3. Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Identical to the original – word for word!
MUST be attributed to the original author
Paraphrasing
Putting a passage into your own words
Usually shorter than the original passage
MUST be attributed to the original source
Summarizing
Putting only the main points into your own words
Significantly shorter and take a broad overview of the source

4. Integrating Outside Sources
Each quote/paraphrase/summary needs to have three parts:
An introduction to the quote
The quote
An explanation on the relevance of the quote
Quotes should be found in the evidence portion of the body paragraphs
It is a good idea to cite a source at least once in each of your body paragraphs

5. In-Text Citations: The Basics
Use a parenthetical citation
(Authors name page number).
No commas
Punctuation comes after the citation
Example: Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:
...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
If there is only one source, you need only mention the authors name during the first citation
For any other questions on in-text citation:

6. The Different Looks of In-Text Citation
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

7. Long Quotations If a quote is 4 or more lines long:
Place the quote in a free-standing block of text
No quotation marks
Start the quote on a new line indented an inch from the left
Citation should come AFTER the closing punctuation
Example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and
dehumanizes him throughout her
narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

8. Adding/Omitting Text from Citation
Put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text
Example:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
Omitting
Indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks (...) preceded and followed by a space.
Example:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

9. Works Cited Page Format
"Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007 <
Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on the Web. May May 2007 < Keyword: Climate.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May May 2007 <
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June May 2007 <
Global Warming Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007 <
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007):
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006.
Center “Works Cited” at top of page
Left align each citation (indent every line after the first)
Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose
Use italics or underlining for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)
I will supply the proper works cited listing for each book we read this semester
If you choose to use outside sources, you are responsible for sourcing them correctly (OWL and Mr. Gathman are available to help)

10. Mr. Gathman owes this PowerPoint to:
The Purdue OWL. 25 Aug The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2008 <