1. Instructional Use of Information Technologies: Teachers' Resistance to the Use of New Technologies Assist.Prof. Dr. Pervin Oya TANERI Assoc.Prof. Dr. Süleyman Sadi SEFEROGLU Nineteenth International Conference on Learning The Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK - 14-16 August 2012

2. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20122 Content of the Presentation Aim of the Study Research questions Literature Review Methodology Data Collection Data Analysis Findings Discussion and Implications References

3. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20123 Aim of the Study The purpose of this study is to examine; ICT use among teachers; teachers opinion about necessary skills to integrate ICT in classroom instruction, teachers attitudes towards the integration of ICT, and factors preventing the teachers in using ICT in classroom instruction.

4. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20124 Research Questions How often do the teachers use ICT tools (such as TV, video, smart board, printer etc) in the classroom? What are the ICT competencies of teachers? What are the knowledge/skill levels of teachers about ICT integration into lessons?

5. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20125 Research Questions (2) What are the attitudes of the teachers towards the integration of ICTs in the lessons? What factors do teachers perceive as preventing to successful integration of ICTs in classroom instruction?

6. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20126 Literature Review ICTs have become an indispensable part of the world we live in now ( Zhang & Aikman 2007 cited in Bingimlas, 2009; Rahman 2008) ICTs have a vital role in increasing the quality of education (Summak, Bağlıbel & Samancıoğlu 2010). In order to keep pace with the information age it is important to follow and employ the technological developments (Üşür 2001).

7. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20127 Technology can reveal the creative thinking skills of students if teachers are well prepared to use it (Fouts 2000).

8. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20128 Teachers in any educational grades need to know how to use and integrate technology in their classes.

9. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 20129 Methodology Participants

10. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201210 The Distribution of Teachers

11. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201211 Data Collection The teachers opinion survey The questionnaire consists of 72 items: The first 8: demographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, etc.). The remaining questions classified under 4 sub- topics; information about school, availability, adaptation, and usage of ICT.

12. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201212 Data Collection and Procedures The reliability coefficient was estimated as.88. Data for this study were collected in 2011-2012 academic year using a survey questionnaire. The data were collected in three months period between February and April 2012.

13. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201213 Data Analysis Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

14. Findings

15. Distribution of Participants Frequency of the usage of ICT tools Usage ICT Tools NeverOccasionally/ RarelyFrequently/Everyday f%f%f% Television10069382686 Video8860493496 VCD/DVD player78535739117 Computer271959406041 Projection433052365135 OHP1288812853 Printer584032225638 Scanner9162483375 Interactive board13190114743 Tape11780231654 WEB sites503445315135 PowerPoint Presentation503456384027 Word503447324833 Excel704855332014 Paint82565336118 E-dictionaries88604732118

16. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201216 Most of the teachers do not have any technological education!!!

17. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201217 69% 2%

18. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201218 32% 25%

19. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201219 30% 23%

20. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201220 90% 2%

21. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201221 13% of the participant teachers used computers at advanced level, the remaining were at average (70%) and beginner level (15%)

22. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201222 14% of teachers used Internet at advanced level, the remaining was at average (72%) and beginner level (14%).

23. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201223 32% of the participants have knowledge about ICT integration into instruction.

24. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201224 Most of the teachers completely (11%) or partially (68%) have difficulty to understand the technological terminology.

25. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201225 A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the city that teachers work in, and teachers ICT attitudes. There were no differences in teachers ICT attitudes regarding the cities they work in.

26. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201226 There were no differences among teachers ICT attitudes regarding the branch of teachers. F =.52, p =.89

27. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201227 Teachers have positive attitudes towards the integration of ICT tools in the lessons. Teachers believe that ICT increase the interest of students (94%).

28. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201228 90% of the teachers like to use ICT and try to learn new technological developments being used widely.

29. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201229 A large portion of the teachers think that ITs would make teaching enjoyable (89%).

30. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201230 Teachers were also willing to take courses about integration of ICT tools in the lessons (85%).

31. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201231 Quotes from participant teachers answers to the open-ended part of the questionnaire: When a computer or printer breaks down, nobody repairs that tool. That's why I don't want to use electronic devices in my lessons. (Teacher #8)

32. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201232

33. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201233

34. Discussion and Implications

35. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201235 Discussion and Implications Weak infrastructure, lack of skills, lack of relevant software and limited access to the Internet as the major obstacles to the successful use of ICTs…

36. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201236 Discussion and Implications (2) Very little or no pre-service and/or in-service education about integration of ICT in the lesson… Lack of in-service education opportunities… Lack of infrastructure and insufficient teaching materials…

37. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201237 Discussion and Implications (3) Providing technological tools does not guarantee successful integration of ICT in the teaching-learning processes. Teachers need meaningful and continuous training Educational policy makers should provide necessary support…

38. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201238 References Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology, 5(3), 235-245. Hennessy, S., Harrison, D., & Wamakote, L. (2010). Teacher factors influencing classroom use of ICT in Sub-Saharan Africa. Itupale Online Journal of African Studies, 2, 39- 54. Ministry of National Ecuation (MONE) (2006). Basic Education Support Project "teacher education component". The general competencies of teaching profession. [In Turkish]. Tebliğler Dergisi, 2590, 1491-1540. Rahman, H. (2008). Role of ICTs in socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. In C. Van Slyke (Eds), Information communication technologies: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Information Science Reference, pp. 190-225. Üsür, I. (2001). On the philosophy of technology or whether the god of technology is technology? [In Turkish]. Mülkiye, 230, 7-26. Zhao, Y. & Cziko, G. A. (2001). Teacher adoption of technology: A perceptual control theory perspective. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 5-30.

39. Taneri & Seferoglu / 19th Int. Conference on Learning, London, 14-16 August 201239 This Presentation in Wordle (Wordle.Net)

40. Thank You! Assist. Prof. Dr. Pervin Oya TANERİ - oyataneri[at]karatekin.edu.tr Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. Sadi SEFEROĞLU – sadi[at]hacettepe.edu.tr Taneri, P. O., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2012). Instructional use of information technologies: Teachers' resistance to the use of new technologies. Nineteenth International Conference on Learning. The Institute of Education, University of London, 14-16 August 2012, London, UK.