1. ENERGY STORAGE OVERVIEW
GE Renewables
ENERGY STORAGE OVERVIEW
Copyright © General Electric Company.

2. Energy Storage Systems Comparison
10 sec
15 min
30 min
1 hour
8 hour
10 kWh
100 kWh
1 MWh
10 MWh
100 MWh
Energy
Discharge Duration
Lead Acid
Lithium Ion
Redox-Flow
CAES
Pumped Hydro
Overview
LCOE ($/MWh)
>$300
>$100
>$250*
(select sites)
>$150
kWh/m3
2 - 10
0.5
Durations
0.1 – 1 hours
0.1 – 6 hours
4 – 8 hours
6 – 12 hours
+12 hours
Efficiency
75% – 85%
90% - 95%
60% - 75%
55% - 70%
80%
Cycle life
10,000*
+20 year
Limitation
& Challenge
Low Cycle and calendar life
Self discharge
Lead toxicity
Fire Protection
Large scale controls
Temp sensitivity
Poor reliability
Low energy density
Acid & toxic materials
Geology requirements
Permitting hurdles
Minimum size
Water availability
Permits
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours.
Application and geography drive technology selection
Li-Ion most feasible in many applications
* Unsubstantiated
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3. Summer day under 50% renewable conditions
Battery Storage: Unprecedented Flexibility in Grid Optimization
Baseload cause renewables to be curtailed Energy Storage is charged with free or negative priced energy 1
System Demand (MW)
Time
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
24:00
-10 10 20 30 40
Summer day under 50% renewable conditions 2
Peak Load Energy Storage is discharged during peak demand periods 2 3
Fast Ramping Energy Storage is discharged to support on large load growth 3 5 1
Spinning Reserve
Energy Storage discharges during dynamic events (clouds) 4
BASELOAD
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours. 4
Frequency Regulation
Energy Storage continuously charges and discharges to maintain grid stability 5
Energy storage provides instantaneous local capacity, and continuous ancillary services with no fuel consumption or emissions
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4. Short Discharge (High Power) Long Discharge (High Energy)
Services That Battery Energy Storage can Provide
Short Discharge (High Power)
Long Discharge (High Energy)
Infrequent Use
Frequent Use
Shifting Increase
Capacity Factor
Peak Management
TOU Rate Optimization
Schedule
Capacity
Backup
Power
Non-Spinning Reserve
Spinning
Reserve
Ramp
Rate
Curtailment Avoidance
Frequency Response
Demand Charge Management
Power Factor Correction
Fast Frequency Regulation (FFR)
Voltage Regulation
Frequency
Regulation (AGC)
UPS (Critical Loads)
Blackstart
Synthetic
Inertia
Solar Load Following
Capex Savings
Revenue
Savings
Value
VALUE TYPE
Firming
Reactive
Energy
Contingency
SERVICE CLASS
Stacking of services may be required to realize full value

5. Flexible Storage solutions for multiple business cases
Stand-alone Storage
Hybrid Solar & Wind
Hybrid EGT
Microgrids
Delivering high reliability
High Frequency Applications
Power Applications for
Frequency Regulation
Grid Stability
Optimized system sizing
Riding the degradation curve
Service Contracts
Long term svs contracts
System modelling expertise Utility & Behind the Meter
Energy Applications for
Peak Shifting / Arbitrage
Increase load factor (avoid grid upgrade costs)
Avoid curtailment
Increase predictability (Higher P90)
Power Applications for
Ramp Rate Control
LM6000/2500 Upgrade Option
Optimize Asset utilization
Electric Gas Turbine:
10MW battery with integrated controls
Unit Fuel and emission savings
Synthetic inertia features
Next Gen Hybrids:
Jenbacher Units
Simple/combined Cycle Frame Units
Lowest cost of energy
Prosumers buying & selling new energy services
Mature markets:
Maximize energy efficiency in more and more constrained networks
Managing growing complexity in distribution networks due to multiplication of electrical needs & distributed energy sources
Emerging markets:
Non-connected architecture
Access to energy, Security of supply in remote areas with renewables potential
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours.
Hybrid Solutions with storage: Optimal sizing + Optimal operation
© 2018 General Electric Company - All rights reserved

6. Successful completion in 2 sites in California
EGT : The world's first battery storage and gas turbine hybrid
OPTIMIZING GENERATION FLEETS … LM6000 gas peaker
SCE SUCCESS, FROM PILOT TO REPLICABLE INNOVATION
Gas Turbine
Energy Storage
Digital Controls
EGT
Successful completion in 2 sites in California
EGT, GE’s Hybrid Electric Gas Turbine prospects
Working to replicate success in Australia, US and Europe on LM6000 and other GT models
Southern California Edison (SCE), a longstanding GE customer with many thermal units.
Reduced System Energy Costs
EGT benefits
Immediately Responsive contingency reserve
50MW of GHG-free
ZERO fuel burn when non operational
Power
GE EGT TM
Center Site
Turbine
Storage +
Grapeland Site
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours.
Revenues
Enhanced Reliability
Spinning Reserve
High Speed Regulation
Hybrid Generation
Improved Dispatch
Lower fuel use
Lower GHG emissions
Less thermal stress
Costs
Time
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7. Global Outlook Europe United States India Latin America Australia
Existing ancillary services markets: UK, Germany, Spain, Italy
Existing fast frequency response markets: UK
Free competition of BESS with other technologies
United States
Existing Fast Frequency Response Markets: PJM and CAISO
Existing real-time Market
Other Market mechanisms also available: capacity, day-ahead, ...
Free entry into the market
Specific targets for Energy Storage installed base
India
Pilot tendering on PV+BESS
Hourly spot Market
Weak transmission grids
Low cost of renewables (wind and solar)
Latin America
Ancillary Services Markets: Mexico, Chile, Colombia
No specific regulation for BESS: no products specific to BESS (e.g., FFR)
Capacity markets: Mexico
Some countries already suffering renewables curtailment: Brazil, Uruguay, Guatemala
Emerging BESS Markets: Mexico and Chile
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours.
Australia
Short-term opportunities in balancing and peaking capacity market
Potential shift for “firm renewables” with specific auctions for hybrid power plants
© 2018 General Electric Company - All rights reserved 7

8. Lessons Learned & Best practices
Stacking of services Allows for more cost-effective solutions 1
Stimulate hybrid technologies (solar, wind, batteries, gas, ...)
Allows to solve issues closer to the source and more cost-effective solutions 2
Mix shorter and longer duration services Allows more cost-effective solutions 3
Integrated expansion and operations planning
One deals with more granular events, defining which assets to use, and the other defines the new assets needed by the grid 4
So why why does this matter when we look at the grid and the impact that renewables are going to have the biggest thing I think most people are aware of is the darker fitness come out to California to California iso I’m in with us to really shows us how all of the solar generation with her at centralized or behind the meter can have a big impact on the operations of the grid so it’s a wait-and-see years during the day when there’s a lot of TV production you start to have more more generation potentially over generation and that extra power start to push on other resources and push them off-line weight when you look at the number two on the chart this is in the evening. Is the sunsets and you see similar challenges as the sun rises in the morning we are creating these very large transients on the system.
The number 4 on this chart rep represents kind of the economic strain to get placed on the grid as the solar energy during the day and the wind energy at night starts to reduce the operating hours and the energy produced from the existing thermal assets are there left with less and less energy being sold on this dries up higher prices during the hours that you operate properly during the evening I’m in this introduces that arbitrage opportunity for moving that excess energy into this peak hours.
Be open to all technologies
Build an open market environment so all technologies can compete, and let the most efficient technology win 5
© 2018 General Electric Company - All rights reserved