1. Genetics
Transcription & Translation

2. Genetics 1800’s – Mendel showed traits are hereditary
1950’s – scientists showed genes are made of small segments of DNA
1953: Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize for their model of DNA

3. The Double Helix - DNA

4. DNA Replication Semi-conservative
DNA unwinds, two sides split, new nucleotides are added
DNA Polymerase proofreads. Why is this critical?

5. Differences in DNA Replication
Eukaryotic cells can replicate their DNA faster than prokaryotes can. It takes ~8 hours for a cell to replicate its DNA in humans.

6. Gene Expression The manifestation of genes into specific traits
Produces proteins by transcription and translation
Central Dogma:
DNA  RNA  Proteins

7. Part One: Transcription
Nucleus
mRNA is made from DNA
*** RNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ***

8. Part One: Transcription

9. Part Two: Translation Cytoplasm and ribosome
Proteins are made from mRNA with the help of tRNA and rRNA

10. Part Two: Translation
Does one gene code for one trait?

11. Codon vs. Anticodon
What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?
How are codons and anticodons similar?