1. IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER
Title: Distributed mobility management
Date Submitted:
Authors or Sources: H Anthony Chan
Abstract: Introduction to distributed mobility management

2. Centralized mobility anchors
Current mobile networks are hierarchical, and existing mobility solutions are deployed with centralized mobility anchoring
E.g. HA in MIPv6/DSMIPv6, LMA in PMIPv6, GGSN in 3GPP
GPRS/UMTS
SAE
PMIP
GGSN
P-GW
LMA
SGSN
SGSN
S-GW
S-GW
MAG
MAG

3. Existing technology Terminology:
Network: hierarchical versus flattened
Mobility management: centralized versus distributed
Existing mobile networks are hierarchical. Existing mobility solutions deployed with centralized mobility anchoring have some problems or limitations.

4. Problems and limitations
1. Routing via a centralized anchor leads to non-optimized routes.
2. Routes are set up for a large number of mobile hosts even though the majority are not moving : scalability and performance.
3. Mobility contexts are maintained even if a mobile host will not actually move, resulting in wasted resources. In addition, maintaining mobility contexts in a central entity has scalability issue.
4. Single point of failure in the centralized architecture
5. As the volume of wireless data traffic continues to increase exponentially, the revenue growth is falling far behind. Hierarchical architecture is more costly than the more flattened network, so that mobility management deployment with distributed architecture is needed.

5. Non-optimized routing problem
Packets between MN and CN need to tunnel between MAG and LMA, even when MN is far from home network but is close to CN
Home network
with LMA
Visited network
with MAG
LMA: Local mobility anchor
= Home agent (HA) + PMIP function
MN: mobile node
CN: correspondent node MN CN

6. Possible solution: Copy LMA in many networks
HoA’s are anycast addresses
Solves triangle routing problem by using the LMA closest to MN.
Yet, synchronizing the location information among the LMA’s in real time is a challenge.
LMA
LMA
LMA
LMA
LMA
MAG MN CN

7. Distributed Mobility Anchors
LMA functions: mobility routing (MR) + location management (LM) + HoA allocation. Only copy the MR function in different networks. LM MR MR MR MR MR
LM: Location management
MR: Mobility routing MN CN

8. Distributed Mobility Anchors
LMA functions: mobility routing (MR) + location management (LM) + HoA allocation. Only copy the MR function in different networks. LM MR
(H-MA) MR
(V-MA) MR
(V-MA) MR
(V-MA / D-MA) MR
(V-MA / O-MA)
H-MA: Home MA: MR + LM
V-MA: Visited MA: MR only
O-MA: Originating MA
D-MA: Destination MA MN CN

9. Receiving packets First packet Subsequent packet: Optimized route H-MA
V-MA
V-MA
D-MA
O-MA MN CN
H-MA
V-MA
V-MA
D-MA
O-MA MN CN

10. Route optimization algorithm
Whenever a node is the end of an incoming tunnel segment and the beginning of the outgoing tunnel segment for the same packet, the node knows optimization is possible.
The node simply informs the start of the incoming tunnel segment to tunnel future packets to the end of the outgoing tunnel segment.

11. Sending packets to another mobile node to fixed node H-MA V-MA V-MA
D-MA
O-MA
MN1
MN2
H-MA
V-MA
V-MA
D-MA
O-MA MN CN

12. Further optimization Between 2 mobile nodes H-MA V-MA V-MA D-MA O-MA
MN1
MN2

13. Thank you