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Case Study: Politics in Mexico

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1 Case Study: Politics in Mexico
Did you know Mexico City is the 2nd largest city in the world? Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Country Bio: Mexico Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 Current Policy Challenges
Economy produces few jobs Educational system needs modernization Impoverished population Unequal distribution of income Environmental problems Barely functioning criminal justice system Catch up to trade partners/competitors Modernize agricultural sector Renovate energy sector Expand tax base Change election rules Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 The Era of Hegemonic Party Rule
Cardenas political system Remarkably durable PRI became the world’s longest continuously ruling party 1970s concerns arose President Ordaz “dirty war” Execution of 700 alleged enemies of state Discovery of oil, natural gas resources Economic crisis in 1980s Carlos Salinas Chiapas rebellion, Colosio assassination 1994 Zedillo, PRI retained control Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 The End of PRI Dominance
1994 election, economic troubles returned Capital flight Deep recession Ex-President Salinas publicly criticized Zedillo/cabinet, went into defacto exile in Ireland Zedillo made Salinas scapegoat for crisis PRI appeared to be in state of decomposition Defeat of its presidential candidate in 2000 Third place finish in presidential election in 2006 Retreated to regional strongholds, status as national party in jeopardy Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 Political Culture Mexicans supportive of political institutions that evolved from Mexican Revolution Endorse democratic principles of 1917 Constitution Critical of government performance Pessimistic about ability to affect election outcomes Evaluate candidates on performance Growing distrust of Congress and political parties Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14 The Legislative Branch
Federal Congress has two houses: 128-member upper chamber, Senate 500-member lower house, Chamber of Deputies Both mixed-member system Some elected by plurality vote Others elected by system of proportional representation Electoral rules for Senate, Chamber of Deputies Mixed-member system complicates creating majorities Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17 The Executive Branch Dominant political actor in Mexico for greater part of twentieth century Possesses broad range of unwritten but recognized “metaconstitutional” powers Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18 Vicente Fox In 1991 Fox ran for governor
Ran again in 1995 and won after significant electoral reforms.  In 1997 Amigos de Fox formed - a Mexican-style PAC - to help Fox seek the presidency.  Fox won the hearts of the Mexican voters.  His pragmatic approach steered the conservative party more toward the middle, and even captured PRD support, after PRD became disenchanted with Cardenas.  Goals: Pluralism Decentralization Electoral Reform Rule of law Anti-Narcotics

19 Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
PRD Former Mayor of Mexico City Election of 2006

20 President Felipe Calderon
PAN Controversy

21

22 Executive-Legislative Relations
3 key factors: unified government, high party discipline in ruling party, recognition of president as head of party No longer certain, new dynamics have emerged Follow constitutional rather than partisan norms Fox as 1st opposition president had difficult relations with Congress Calderon had legislative plurality Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

23 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24 Political Parties The Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI): 1929, appendage of government, now in decline The Partido Accion Nacional (PAN): 1939, center-right, Christian socialism The Partido de la Revolucion Democratica (PRD): 1988, standard bearer of the left Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

25 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

26 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

27 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

28 International Environment
Mexico’s proximity to US a major influence Mexican-American War : lost half of national territory to US WWII: US needed migrant laborers 2009: 11% of Mexicans living abroad, most in the US US stake in Mexico: political stability, economic development Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

29 Mexico’s Political Future
Transition to Democracy: Elections are as democratic, transparent as any other country in Americas Talk of changing Constitution of 1917 to weaken presidency and strengthen Congress Should be classified as a democracy, one of best functioning in Latin America Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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