1. to learn about your BRAIN!!!
Today is a great day
to learn about your BRAIN!!!

2. Human Brain

3. How do we know about the brain?
EEG- electrical activity of brain
CAT- 3D images
MRI- image of radio waves/ Hydrogen atom energy
PET- visual image of trace chemical activity after injection of radioactive substance

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electrodes are placed on the scalp that amplify recordings of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface

7. Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)
A series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of the brain

10. Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

14. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that allow us to see structures within the brain

17. Accidents
Case study analysis of victims of suffer from a brain injury, resulting in variations in normal behavior
IE. Phineas Gage

18. Lesions
Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part of the brain.
IE. Lobotomy

19. Let’s Review Get the most important idea worksheet
At your tables come up with what you think is the most important idea and then 5 supporting ideas

20. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

21. Brain Stem
Medulla
Pons
cerebellum
Reticular Formation
Spinal cord

23. Spinal cord Connects the brain to the body
Spinal reflexes occur here 

24. Brainstem The oldest part of the brain
Is responsible for automatic survival functions
Located where the spinal cord swells and the brain just begins

26. Pupil dilation and eyeball movement
Midbrain
The MIDBRAIN is also responsible for behaviors associated with hearing and sight
Pupil dilation and eyeball movement

28. PONS
The PONS is responsible for helping to regulate breathing, to help with sleep and wake cycles, and controls facial expressions

30. Medulla The base of the brainstem
Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing
Damage to this area can lead to death.

32. Medulla
The point at which the spinal cord enters the skull is called the MEDULLA
The MEDULLA controls heartbeat and breathing, blood pressure, and attention

34. Cerebellum Latin for the “little brain”
Located in the rear of the brain
Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
If damaged, the person could perform basic movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

38. Reticular formation
The major area of the Midbrain is the RETICULAR FORMATION
The RETICULAR FORMATION extends from the spine to the thalamus, and is responsible for arousal/wakefulness and attentiveness

40. The MIDBRAIN is also responsible for behaviors associated with hearing and sight
Pupil dilation and eyeball movement

42. Okay let’s teach Time to move Shake hands with 4 different people.
Next touch 6 different walls
Stop await instructions 

43. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two
You may pick any part of the hindbrain and make up a simile
Have fun with this!

44. Welcome to the Limbic System

45. Limbic System
A ring of structures around the thalamus; at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst
Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

47. Hypothalamus Located directly under the front of the thalamus
Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature, and the fight or flight reactions to stress
Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual function

50. Pituitary Gland Master gland Part of the endocrine system
Regulates all glands within the body

51. Hippocampus Wraps around the back of the thalamus
Plays a role in processing new memories for permanent storage
Looks something like a seahorse
Hippo is Greek for “horse.”

53. Amygdala Two almond shaped structures
Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger

56. Thalamus Sits atop the brainstem
The brain’s sensory switchboard -- directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex
Excluding smell
Thalamus is Greek for “inner chamber.”

57. Time to process

58. Cerebrum / Cerebral Cortex

60. Cerebrum Longest part of brain Two hemispheres
Responsible for voluntary movement, speech, emotion, memory intelligence and memory processing

61. Cerebral Cortex
The body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Covers the brain’s lower level structures
Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
Divided into four lobes

64. Frontal Lobes
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead
Is involved in making plans and judgments

66. Occipital Lobe The primary visual processing area
Located in the back of the head

69. Parietal Lobes
Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning
Designated as the association lobes
Behind the frontal lobes
Processes taste, smell, and feeling
Motion – motor cortex

71. Temporal Lobes
Includes the auditory cortex where sound information is processed
Memories are processed and stored here
Located roughly above the ears

72. Motor Cortex Area at the rear of the frontal lobes
Controls voluntary movement
Different parts of the cortex control different parts of the body.
The motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and visa versa.

75. Somatosensory Cortex Located in the front of the parietal lobes
Registers and processes body senses
Soma is Greek for “body.”

78. Hemispheric Differences
Module 8: The Brain

79. Hemispheric Differences
“Left-brained” and “right-brained” debunked
Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity.
Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callous, except in those with split brains.

80. Hemispheric Differences: Language and Spatial Abilities
Module 8: The Brain

81. The Brain’s Left Hemisphere
For most people, language functions are in the left hemisphere.
For a small percentage of people, language functions are in the right hemisphere.

82. Broca’s Area
Located in the frontal lobe and usually in the left hemisphere
Responsible for the muscle movements of speech
If damaged the person can form the ideas but cannot express them as speech

83. PET Scan of Broca’s Area

85. Wernicke’s Area Located in the temporal lobe
Involved in language comprehension and expression; our ability to understand what is said to us
Usually in the left temporal lobe

87. PET Scan of Wernicke’s Area

88. The Brain’s Right Hemisphere
Houses the brain’s spatial abilities
Our spatial ability allows us to perceive or organize things in a given space, judge distance, etc.
Helps in making connections between words

89. Brain Plasticity
Module 8: The Brain

90. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions
Greatest in childhood
Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed

92. The End