1. The Fall of empires

2. Characteristics of declining empires
What factors cause empires to “fall”?

3. Unstable leadership
Declining empires tend to lack a strong, central leadership
Results from the death or defeat of a popular leader, who is replaced by someone who is unpopular or lacks the necessary knowledge/abilities to the empire
Disagreements about can lead to in the military or in the government

4. Declining empires often experience damaging military loss
Decreases the amount of land an empire controls and how many resources they have access to.
This can further weaken an empire.
Battle of Ain Jalut
Military defeat
The Christians take Jerusalem

5. Internal disputes Declining empires often struggle to remain united.
New ideas from different parts of the empire can create division amongst the people.
Can lead to internal disputes , civil war, division of territory and decrease in political and military .

6. #1: Not all declining empires will exhibit all of these characteristics.
#2: Decline may be attributed to other factors as well.
#3: These factors are tools we can use to analyze history.