1. Unit6 (9.1) The First POTUS

2. I. Washington Takes Office
The beginning
Oath of Office = April 30, 1789
John Adams = VP
Precedent = something done or said that becomes an example for others to follow

3. The Cabinet Washington picks Thomas Jefferson = State Dept.
Alexander Hamilton = Dept. of Treasury
Henry Knox = Dept. of War
Edmund Randolph = Attorney General

4. The Court System Judiciary Act of 1789
Established a federal court system
States kept their own laws & courts
Federal courts had power to reverse state decisions

5. The Bill of Rights Protection from strong national govt.
Civil liberties
First 10 amendments = James Madison
Ratified = December 1791

6. II. The Economy
Debt
Federal & State = borrowed millions of $ for the Revolutionary War

7. Hamilton Plan Public Credit Way to borrow $ in the future
Federal govt. take over states’ wartime debts
Paying off the debt as a nation would build strong national credit

8. Opposition
Congress agrees to pay $ owed to other nations, not to pay $ owed to American people
During war govt. issued bonds
People sold bonds to speculators hoping to get rich
Hamilton proposed paying off old bonds at full value = Uproar
Southern States = less debt, didn’t want to pay other state debts

9. Compromise
Southern states vote for plan = capital will relocate to the South
District between VA & MD = Washington D.C.

10. National Bank The Bank of the United States Hold govt. funds
Make debt payments
National currency
Madison & Jefferson opposed

11. Tariffs & Taxes Tariffs = taxes on imports Raise $ for the govt.
Protect American industries from foreign competition
Congress passed low tariffs (South)
Taxes to help national debt = tax on whiskey passed
M & J opposed = Hamilton building dangerously powerful govt. run by the wealthy

12. Unit6 (9.2) Challenges

13. I. Whiskey Rebellion 1791 = tax passed PA = rebellion
1794 = Tax collectors violently attacked
Washington sends troops
Goal = send a strong message & maintain order

14. II. Out West British & Spanish = stir up Native anger
Washington signs treaty with Natives
Americans ignore treaty = move on Native land
General Arthur St. Claire & army sent to restore order

15. November 1791 = army vs. Little Turtle
600+ US soldiers die
British urge Natives to destroy US settlements while they built a new fort in Ohio
Washington sends Anthony Wayne
August 1794 = Wayne defeats 1,000+ Native Americans (Shawnee chief Blue Jacket)
Treaty of Greenville (1795) = Native Americans surrendered most of their land in Ohio

16. III. Staying Neutral French Revolution (1789)
Britain goes to war with France (1793)
Sympathy for France but Washington doesn’t take a side

17. Edmond Genet (French) sent to ask for American attack against British ships
Proclamation of Neutrality = NO US fighting, NO French or British ships at US ports
Impressment: seizing people against their will (British captures US ships & forced them into the British Navy)
Jay’s Treaty = British withdraw from US soil

18. IV. Pinckney Charles Pinckney
Worked with Spanish
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) = US free navigation of Mississippi River & trades rights with New Orleans

19. V. Farewell Two terms, 8 years B. Farewell Address
A speech of reflection

20. Unit6 (9.3) The First Political Parties

21. I. Opposing Parties Basics Public opinion = political parties harmful
Parties = factions

22. Jefferson v. Hamilton
TJ supporters attacked Washington = weaken support for Hamilton policies
Washington WAS partisan = favored Hamilton’s views

23. Parties Federalist Hamilton Strong federal govt.
Constitution = “implied” powers
Congress = make laws that are “necessary & proper”
Supported representative govt. (educated, wealthier, officials)

24. Democratic-Republicans
Jefferson & Madison
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Rejected implied powers
Believed in limiting Congressional power
Supported power to all people (poor too)

25. II. The Presidential Election of 1796
Caucuses
Meetings to choose candidates
Federalist = John Adams & Charles Pinckney
D. Republicans = Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr

26. Strengths
Federalist = New England
D. Republicans = South

27. Results Adams = 71 electoral votes Jefferson = 68 electoral votes
New admin began on March 4, 1791

28. III. The Adams Administration
The XYZ Affair
Jay’s Treaty = French think US favors British
French seize US ships of British cargo
Adams sends US team to France to resolve dispute
French send three agents demanding a bribe & loan
US refuse, Adams furious at X, Y, and Z agents

29. Alien & Sedition Acts French attempts = US suspicion of “aliens”
1798, Federalist pass Alien & Sedition Acts
Sedation = Activities aimed at weakening the govt.
Allowed the President to imprison aliens
POTUS could deport the dangerous

30. Domestic & Foreign Affairs
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798/1799)
D. Republicans = Alien & Sedition Acts violated the Constitution
Nullify = legally overturn
Sparked states’ rights

31. France Federalist want war 1800 = treaty -French agree to stop attacks
-Unpopular = hurt Adams’ re-election, split Federalist party