1. Can Hydrogen Realize Its Potential?
Alan C. Lloyd, Ph.D.
President, International Council on Clean Transportation
National Hydrogen Association
San Antonio, TX March 20, 2007

2. Need for Hydrogen Same drivers for hydrogen!
Energy security
Energy diversity
Environmental
Climate change
More data on climate - IPCC
Uncertainty in oil supplies - competition and location

3. Hydrogen Progress Significant progress being made in:
Consumer electronics
Portable and back-up power
Off road applications
Transportation
LDV
HDV
Other - Ferries, etc.
Following slides illustrate activity and progress in above areas

4. Early Markets Military Communications and Control Consumer electronics
Soldiers are carrying more and more energy: Watts > 50 pounds!
Communications and Control
Consumer electronics
Recreation
Remote power
Battery Chargers
Residential (non-US)
1250+ units installed in Japan
Battery power is equivalent to 6% of US demand (2002)
More efficient systems yield a policy benefit

5. Portable Fuel Cell Applications

6. Successful trials at GM, WalMart, FedEx
Fork Lifts
Advantages:
Minimal refilling
Less maintenance
Constant power delivery - lifting power
Eliminates reduction in voltage output
Zero emissions
The Defense Logistics Agency (DOD)
has started a program to test forklifts
and become an early adopter.
Successful trials at GM, WalMart, FedEx

7. Daimler Chrysler A Class F-Cell 0-60 in 16 sec. 84 mph Non hybrid
100 vehicles in the field

8. Ford Fuel cell Explorer introduced in November 2006
Fuel cell/battery hybrid
60 kW Ballard PEM stack
350 mile range
Accumulated more than 17,000 miles in a year

9. General Motors Skateboard architecture Wheel motors 0-60 < 10 sec.
300 mile range
Engines being tested as generators
Mass manufacture ready ~2010

10. Honda 2005 FCX Capacitor hybrid 5000 psi hydrogen 93 mph
190 mile range
Available soon to private customers

11. The Next Generation

12. Honda FCX 350 mile range Home refueling Leasing in 2008
Mass production by 2018
“… the ultimate
green vehicle.”
Takeo Fukui,
President

13. “While mechanical propulsion will be with us for many decades to come, GM sees a market for various forms of electric vehicles, including fuel cells and electric vehicles using gas and diesel engines to extend the range. With our new E-flex concept, we can produce electricity from gasoline, ethanol, bio-diesel or hydrogen.”
GM VOLT concept car
Ford Airstream
A hydrogen-fueled battery powered plug-in.

14. Bus Demonstrations Worldwide
CUTE: Europe
Australia
Iceland
Tokyo
CA, MI, FL
AC Transit reports 2x mileage, superb performance

15. Many Other Vehicles
Recent DOD Procurement RFP

16. Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines
*Significant progress on H2 ICE
BMW vehicle
available in 2008
Mazda
Renewed activity on H2 & CNG blends

17. BMW H2 ICE

18. Significant Challenges Remain
Apparent loss of momentum on transportation segment
Competition from bio-fuels and plug-in hybrids
Not short term solutions
Matching vehicle numbers with fuel infrastructure
Hydrogen viewed as long term solution

19. What Is Needed? Variety of technologies and fuels
Personal view - electric drive desired goal
Fuel cells and batteries will compete
More aggressive education and lobbying for hydrogen technologies required
Critical period in next couple of years
Demo programs
Federal / State support
Now or Never?

20. Hydrogen & Climate
Come this afternoon!