1. Writing a Business Plan
Chapter 3
SEM 555
Dr. Salma Chad
Writing a Business Plan

2. What Is a Business Plan? Business Plan Dual-Use Document
A written document that describes in detail how a new business is going to achieve its goals…A business plan layout a written plan from a marketing, financial and operational viewpoint..
A business plan is a written description, typically 25 to 35 pages long, that describes what a new business idea/plan to accomplish.
Dual-Use Document
For most new ventures, the business plan is a dual-purpose document used both inside and outside the firm.

3. Why Reads the Business Plan—And What Are They Looking For?
There are two primary audience for a firm’s business plan
Audience
What They are Looking For
A clearly written business plan helps the employees of a firm to operate and move forward in a consistent and purposeful manner.
A Firm’s Employees
Investors and other external stakeholders
A firm’s business plan must make the case that the firm is a good use of an investor’s funds or the attention of others.

4. What are the forms of a Business Plan?
Document
Sample
Slides
Film
Demonstration

5. Benefits/Reasons for Writing a Business Plan
Initial planning document for a new business.
Serves as a tool to communicate the idea of the new venture to potential investors, bankers, key employees.
Serves as a record to monitor and compare results.
To obtain bank financing.
To obtain investment funds.
To establish strategic alliances.
To obtain initial contracts.
To attract key employees.
To motivate and focus your management team

6. Questions a start-up business plan should answer
The plan is meant to be read by potential finance providers (banks etc) or business owners /shareholders. So it ought to provide convincing and realistic answers to questions such as:
What is the business idea or opportunity?
What is the product and how is it different or unique?
What is the target market segment and who are the potential competitors?
How large is the target market and is it growing?
Who are the customers; how much will they buy and at what price?
What will it cost to produce and sell the product?
Can the product be made and/or sold profitably?
At what stage will the business break-even and what are the likely profits?
What investment is required to launch and establish the business?
Where will the money come from?
What are the main risks facing the business and how to handle them?

7. Types/ level of Business Plans

8. What Should a Business Plan Contain?
1.Title Page
2.Table of Contents
3.Executive Summary and Fact Sheet
4.Body of the Plan
The Company description
The Product/Service Offering
Industry Analysis
Market Analysis
The Marketing Plan
The Production/Operations Plan
The Management Team
Implementation Schedule and Risks Associated with the Venture
The Financial Plan
5.Appendices

9. Section 1: Executive Summary
The executive summary is a short overview of the entire business plan
It provides a busy reader with everything that needs to be known about the new venture’s distinctive nature.
An executive summary shouldn’t exceed two single-space pages.

10. Section 2: Company Description
The main body of the business plan beings with a general description of the company.
Items to include in this section:
Company description.
Company history.
Mission statement.
Products and services.
Current status.
Legal status and ownership.
Key partnerships (if any).

11. Section 3: Industry Analysis
This section should being by describing the industry the business will enter in terms of its size, growth rate, and sales projections.
Items to include in this section:
Industry size, growth rate, and sales projections.
Industry structure.
Key success factors.
Long-term prospects.

12. Section 4: Market Analysis
The market analysis breaks the industry into segments and zeros in on the specific segment (or target market) to which the firm will try to appeal.
Items to include in this section:
Market segmentation and target market selection.
Buyer behavior.
Competitor analysis.

13. Section 5: Marketing Plan
The marketing plan focuses on how the business will market and sell its product or service.
Items to include in this section:
Overall marketing strategy.
Product, price, promotions, and distribution.

14. Section 6: Management Team and Company Structure
The management team of a new venture typically consists of the founder or founders and a handful of key management personnel.
Items to include in this section:
Management team.
Board of directors.
Board of advisers.
Company structure.

15. Section 7: Operations Plan
Outlines how your business will be run and how your product or service will be produced.
Items to include in this section:
Business location.
Facilities and equipment etc.

16. Section 8: Product (or Service) Design and Development Plan
If you’re developing a completely new product or service, you need to include a section that focuses on the status of your development efforts.
Items to include in this section:
Development status and tasks.
Challenges and risks.
Intellectual property.

17. Section 9: Financial Projections
The final section of a business plan presents a firm’s pro forma (or projected) financial projections.
Items to include in this section:
Sources and uses of funds statement.
Assumptions sheet.
Pro forma income statements.
Pro forma balance sheets.
Pro forma cash flows.

18. Presenting the Business Plan to Investors
The Oral Presentation
The first rule in making an oral presentation is to follow directions. If you’re told you have 15 minutes, don’t talk for more than the allotted time.
The presentation should be smooth and well-rehearsed.
The slides should be sharp and not cluttered.
Questions and Feedback to Expect from Investors
The smart entrepreneur has a good idea of the questions that will be asked, and will be prepared for those queries.

19. Presenting the Business Plan to Investors
Twelve PowerPoint Slides to Include in an Investor Presentation
Title Slide
Problem
Solution
Opportunity and target market
Technology
Competition
7. Marketing and sales
8. Management team
9. Financial projections
10. Current status
11. Financing sought
12. Summary

20. Presenting the Business Plan to Investors 3 of 3
It’s also important to
look sharp when
presenting a business
plan.
This new venture team
is going over its
PowerPoint slides one
last time before an
investor presentation.