1. Climate and Communities 7-2

2. Iguana vs. snakes
Intense

3. Habitat vs. Niche
An organism’s HABITAT is its address (physical location), its NICHE is the role it plays in its habitat.
Niche examples
What eats it, etc.

5. Community Interactions
Competition – for resources that an organism needs to survive.
Predation – one organism (predator) capturing and feeding on
another (prey).

6. Symbiosis – relationships in which two species live closely together.
Mutualism – both organisms benefit
Commensalism – one benefits, other is unaffected
Parasitism – one helped, one harmed

7. Limiting Factors
limiting factors are those which affect an organism’s ability to survive…they “limit” important parts of its life, such as…
numbers
reproduction
growth / development
movement / distribution
existence

8. Ecological Succession
Succession refers to the orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in a community over time
e.g. What would a lawn look like if it did not get cut for a year? Five years? 90 years?
Succession occurs in stages, usually over several decades

9. Primary Succession
The colonization of barren land following a community disturbance which left no soil, caused by:
lava flow
paving, etc.
Pioneer species – the first species to take hold in the area

11. Secondary Succession
Occurs after existing community is disrupted –Soil was NOT removed.
Ex. Forest Fire,
Clearing land, etc.
Requires less time to reach a climax community

13. Climate Zones Earth’s tilt results in 3 main climate zones
Polar (low solar angle)
Temperate (has seasons)
Tropical (nearly direct sunlight)
Heat is transferred on Earth by
Winds
Ocean currents

14. Greenhouse Effect “Earth’s blanket” : Retains its heat.
Composed of Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and Water vapor (H2O)(gas)
These gases let heat energy in, trap it from leaving.
Result: Temperatures remain suitable for life

15. Biomes… Large communities over a big area that
have similar soil and climate conditions,
as well as the types of species living there.