1. South by Southeast Asia

2. Political Structures in Southern India
Since the fall of the Gupta, no single empire controlled the region for almost 1,000 years
Chola Kingdom ( ): Was a major player in the Indian Ocean Trade
Vijayanagar: Brought Hinduism back to Southern India, after first being Muslim.

3. Now on to Northern India
Himalayas protected India from invasions from the north, but Muslims constantly invaded from the west
Because Sind (the northwest region of India) was so far away from Dar al- Islam, it was never really in control
Eventually, Delhi was conquered and the Delhi Sultanate was founded
Never organized an efficient bureaucracy so policies were never really imposed, but they did have the jizya, but the smaller kingdoms played a major role

4. Trade in the Indian Ocean Basin (what they traded)
West-coast Indian cities like Calcut, Quilon, and Camby became centers of trade
India became known for it’s fabrics, cotton, high-carbon steel, and tanned leather
Malaysia was known as the Spice Islands
Swahili costal cities traded Slaves, ivory, and gold
China exported silk and porcelain… aka fine china

5. Monsoons and Sailing Tech
Used the Monsoon Winds in order to facilitate trade
Invented the Lateen Sales, Stern Rudder, which led to the small wooden dhows to dominate the seas during this era

6. It was Islam vs. Hinduism: Islam = 1 god, geometric artwork, Hindu = many gods, images of gods. One has a cast system, the other doesn’t
Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed Hindu and Buddhist shrines as he tried to spread Islam, but discovered that Hindu and Buddhist subjects didn’t convert
Low castes in some cases converted, and other corrupt Buddhist monks led some to leave Buddhism behind
Religion in South Asia

7. Interaction of Islam and Hinduism
Formed Sufis: mystics who did not focus on strict doctrines, instead emphasized individual personal connection
Led to Hinduism focusing on a more personal relationship to an individual god
Bhakti Movement: emphasized love and devotion to god, with poets like Mira Bai, and Guru Kabir

8. Social Structures
India’s caste system is it’s strongest historical continuity
Many who tried to escape a low caste failed to improve their status because higher jobs required more education, which converting to Islam didn’t help
Islam didn’t change the way women were treated

9. Cultural Achievements in South Asia
India scientific learning was translated into Arabic, such as algebra, geometry, and the Indian number system
Mosques built across India, such as the Qutab Minar
Urdu, a new language developed among Muslims in the region which is a blending of the grammatical pattern of Hindi, with the vocabulary of Arabic

10. Southeast Asia
Many things were introduced through trade such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics, Sanskrit, among others
Srivijaya ( ) controlled the shipping hub from the Indian Ocean through China and became VERY wealthy

11. The Angkor Kingdom Lasted more than 500 years
Kingdom was a mixture of Hinduism and Buddhism, which can be seen at the Angkor Wat temple