1. Storms and Hurricanes Solar Heating Exchange Weather Patterns
Storm Disturbances

2. HURRICANES
Hurricanes are formed from simple complexes of thunderstorms.
The ocean water must be warmer than 26.5 deg Celsius (81°F).
The heat and moisture from this warm water is ultimately the source of energy for hurricane development.
Hurricanes will weaken rapidly when they travel over land or colder ocean waters -- locations with insufficient heat and/or moisture.
The name "hurricane" is given to systems that develop over the Atlantic or the eastern Pacific Oceans.
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3. Storm Developmental Stages
1. Severe Thunderstorm
Lightning, high winds, and hail
2. Tropical Disturbance
Tropical waves & unorganized storms
3. Tropical Depression
Winds below 40 mph
4. Tropical Storm
Winds mph .Gets a name.
5. Hurricane
Sustained winds over 74 mph
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4. HURRICANE DEVELOPMENT
At the equator, ocean surface temperatures are warm enough to produce hurricanes, but none form.
Coriolis force, north and south of the equator, is needed to create spin and induce a potential hurricane. Also need latent heat of condensation.
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5. TYPICAL HURRICANE SEASON
14 Named Storms
8 Hurricanes
3 Severe Hurricanes
(Category 3, 4 Or 5)
Approximately 340 Warnings

6. Hurricanes are cyclones that develop between latitudes 5 to 30 degrees
N or S over the warm tropical oceans (81degrees F) and have sustained winds in excess of 64 knots (74 miles/hour).
They can create torrential rain, flooding, and loss of property and life.

7. Saffir Simpson Scale Stage Wind mph Tide Damage
Category Minimal
Category Moderate
Category Extensive
Category Extreme
Category Disaster
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8. Hurricane Storm Surge
Hurricane
Camille 1969
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9. Storm surge is a great dome of water created by the energy of the churning hurricane .
It may extend up to 50 miles in width.
Storm surge causes 9 out of 10 storm related deaths
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STORM SURGE
The storm surge is greater if a hurricane's track is perpendicular to the coastline, allowing the surge to build higher. The storm surge is also greater if the storm affects a bay or if it makes landfall at high tide. The greatest storm surge occurs to the right of where the eye makes landfall.
1. SURGE LIMITS ARE BASED ON STILL WATER TOTAL STORM TIDE HEIGHTS (ELEVATIONS ABOVE NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM AT HIGH TIDE WITH NO WAVE SETUP INCLUDED.)
2. NORFOLK SOURCE OF BASE MAPPING IS USGS QUADRANGLES.
3. TOTAL STORM LIMITS WERE DETERMINED BY PLOTTING STILL WATER TOTAL STORM TIDE SURGE ELEVATIONS AT HIGH TIDE ONTO THE MOST CURRENT USGS 7.5 MINUTE QUADRANGLE 5 FOOT CONTOUR INTERVAL. ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF TOTAL STORM LIMITS ARE GOVERNED BY CURRENT ACCURACY AND TOLERANCE OF THE USGS QUADRANGLE MAPS. 23 39 35 26

10. Storm Surge
Storm Surge can be up to 33 feet tall. If it occurs at high tide the total effect can be a tide of over 50 feet.
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11. STORM SURGE Hurricane Georges, Biloxi, MS 1998 4/16/2019 4/16/2019 1211 13 13

12. Hurricane Mitch 1998
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13. HURRICANE NAMES

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15. In this satellite image from 1995, we can see different tropical disturbances in each stage of development.
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16. The most recognizable feature found within a hurricane is the Hurricane Eye.
The eye is the focus of the hurricane, the point about which the rest of the storm rotates and where the lowest surface pressures are found.
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19. Standard Warning Current Position 12, 24, 36, 48 & 72 hr fcst position
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Standard Warning
Current Position
12, 24, 36, 48 & 72 hr fcst position
35 kt wind radius
50 kt wind radius
100 kt wind radius
Error radius
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20. Hurricane Isadore 2002
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21. Structural Damage due to wind...
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Structural Damage due to wind...
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22. The old “board through the tree” story proven true!!
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The old “board through the tree” story proven true!!
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23. HURRICANE SAFETY - Listen to TV and radio for information
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- Listen to TV and radio for information
- Fuel and service vehicles
- Inspect and secure mobile home tie downs
- Complete preparation activities such as putting up storm shutters and storing loose objects
- Check batteries and buy canned food, first aid supplies, bottled water, and keep extra cash on hand
- Leave Immediately If Told To Do So!
- If evacuating, leave early, in daylight if possible

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The End