1. (The Industrial Revolution)
Industrialization
(The Industrial Revolution)
U.S. Global 9: Mr. Black

2. A. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution refers to a change that took place in the ways (and places) goods are manufactured
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufactured goods tended to be made by hand and at home
Following the shift, goods tended to be made using machines in a factory setting

3. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s (mid-18th century)
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA

4. Great Britain is one country comprised of three separate nations…
(England, Scotland and Wales)
… united together under one government
British Flag

5. A. The Industrial Revolution
The invention of new machines to manufacture textiles (cloth) played a large role in the birth of the Industrial Revolution
Spinning wheels were used in homes to spin a single thread from wool or cotton
The Spinning Jenny was eventually invented, allowing many thread to be spun at once

6. A. The Industrial Revolution
Before the Industrial Revolution, single threads were woven by hand into cloth using a loom, typically in one’s own home
Eventually, larger commercial looms were invented, making the weaving of cloth much faster

7. B. The Steam Engine
The steam engine was the invention that helped make the industrial revolution possible
The steam engine provided a cheap, reliable source of power to operate new industrial machines

8. B. The Steam Engine Coal was the fuel that powered steam engines
Burning coal was used to boil water in order to produce steam
Pressurized steam was then used to power turbines that could be used to move machinery parts

9. B. The Steam Engine
Steam engines powered mechanical spinning jennies that could mass produce threads
Giant steam driven power looms were then used to mass produce cloth
These large, steam powered machines were housed in the first factory work settings

10. C. Steam Power Revolutionizes Transportation
Steam power would also be utilized to power a wide variety of other types of machines
Locomotives and steamships revolutionized transportation, touching off multiple “ripple effects” through the world

11. D. Steam Power Revolutionizes Agriculture
Steam powered machines also revolutionized the farming industry
Steam powered tractors and reapers greatly improved farm productivity

12. E. Industrialization Spreads
The inventions, methods and ideas of the Industrial Revolution would eventually spread
The American colonies and Western Europe soon were following Britain’s industrial model
BRITAIN
BRITISH COLONIES
IN N. AMERICA
EUROPE

13. F. The Impact of Industrialization
Market Demand
Machine usage led to the mass production (production of large numbers of identical products) of textiles; textiles became much less expensive
As demand for cheap textiles grew, more factories were built; soon more factory workers were needed to keep pace with market demands

14. F. The Impact of Industrialization
The Changing Nature of Work
Under the factory system, people begin working in factories
Skilled labor is replaced by performance of simple, repetitive tasks

15. F. The Impact of Industrialization
The Changing Nature of Work
Factory owners grew very rich and powerful; work conditions worsened
Factory jobs were often noisy and unsafe, hours were long and wages were very low
Women and children often were used in dangerous situation and were paid less for their work

16. F. The Impact of Industrialization
Agricultural Revolution
New scientific methods and machinery led to revolutionary changes in farming
Less farm workers were needed; the unemployed moved to cities for industrial work
Growing farm production was necessary to feed exploding urban populations

17. D. The Impact of Industrialization
Urbanization
Cities grew extremely rapidly
Many problems arose from growth (e.g., overcrowding, inadequate services, slum living conditions, etc.)

19. D. The Impact of Industrialization
Immigration
The overcrowding of European cities eventually led to many immigrating to the U.S.
U.S. immigration was greatly accelerated by the Irish Potato Famine of ; many Irish fled to escape starvation

20. D. The Impact of Industrialization
Immigration
German immigrants would soon follow; immigration patterns would eventually shift to Central and Eastern Europe
Immigrants would find work in American factories, mills, mines, railroads, etc.

21. D. The Impact of Industrialization
The Rise of Labor Unions
Due to poor working conditions, low wages and long work hours, workers began to unite to form labor unions
The eventual rise of unions would play a key role in improving the lives of working-class families

22. D. The Impact of Industrialization
The Rise of Labor Unions
Unions would work to apply pressure on management to improve hours, wages and work conditions
Governments initially strongly opposed unions; unions would eventually receive some support

23. D. The Impact of Industrialization
Economic Effects:
Change in how things
are made and
distributed
Political Effects:
Changes in what people
expected from their
governments
Social Effects:
Changes in how people
lived and organized
themselves