1. Topic: Terrorism (Individual & State Sponsored)
What reasons has terrorism increased?
What mental image you have when you hear the terms “terrorist” and “terrorism”

2. In what ways does globalization change the nature of terrorism?
In what ways does globalization change the nature of terrorism?
How does the NYPD use geographic concepts and technology to confront terrorism?

3. Terrorism Discussion Questions:
Whether individual or state sponsored, what are the aims of ‘terrorists’ or ‘terrorist organizations’?
In what ways does topic relate to other topics such as: religion, politics (boundaries, supranational organizations, etc), ethnicity, development, and/or gender?
If terrorism is state sponsored, what reaction should other states take if they are attacked?
In what ways is classifying someone as a terrorism a matter of perspective?
Are terrorist actions ever justified in your opinion - if so describe the circumstances

7. Yassar Arafat
Leader of the Palistine Liberation Army
supported and commited terrorism
Never accepted Isreal’s right to exist.
Squandered World Aid money keeping his people poor living in camps Blamed all suffering on Isreal

8. Terrorism: systematic use of violence by a group to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands (spreads fear and anxiety)
Bombing
Kidnapping
Hijacking
Taking hostages
Assassination

9. Attack by US CIA-funded Mujahideen terrorists in Afghanistan in 1985
Attack by US CIA-funded Mujahideen terrorists in Afghanistan in Ronald Reagan praised Afghanistan’s Mujahideen as "freedom fighters".
The scene after the Taliban attack near the U.S. Consulate in Peshawar, Pakistan. The militants struck with suicide bombs, grenades and gunfire. (Anjum Naveed / Associated Press)

13. What do all of these men have in common?

14. American Presidential Assassinations:
Garfield, 1881
Kennedy, 1963
Lincoln, 1865
McKinley, 1901

15. The Victims…
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie

16. I. Home Grown Terrorism Attacks on America & Americans:
Oklahoma City bombing
Furious at FBI for Rubi Ridge and the Branch Davidians raids and death.
Timothy McVeigh
168 people killed
Unabomber
Against Technology set mail bombs to University
Ted Kaczynski
3 killed and 23 injured

18. I. Terrorism by Individuals and Organizations
September 11, 2001 Attacks
2 planes crashed into World Trade Center, another into the Pentagon, and another crashed in Pennsylvania
Nearly 3,000 fatalities

19. I. Terrorism by Individuals and Organizations
Al-Qaeda
Responsible or implicated in most anti-U.S. terrorism
Terrorist network founded by Osama bin Laden
Created to unite jihad fighters in Afghanistan
Membership is estimated at 20,000 and dispersed in as many as 34 countries
Uses religion to justify their attacks

20. II. State Support for Terrorism
Afghanistan
U.S. attacked Afghanistan in 2001 when the Taliban sheltered bin Laden and other al-Qaeda terrorists
Removal of Taliban has unleashed a new struggle for control of Afghanistan among the country’s many ethnic groups - Taliban are continuing insurgency in Afghanistan and northern Pakistan

22. Libya:
Sponsored 1986 bombing of nightclub in Berlin which killed 3 U.S. citizens
Libyan agents planted bombs on Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 & UTA Flight 772 in 1989
Renounced terrorism in 2003, UN sanctions were removed

24. Saddam Hussein:

25. II. State Support for Terrorism
Iraq
U.S. claims of state sponsored terrorism proved controversial because of unproven claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction
International community also challenged U.S. beliefs that Hussein’s government had close links with al-Qaeda
U.S. then argued that Iraq needed a regime change; despite removal of Hussein, U.S. still involved in complex and violent struggle among religious sects
Sunni Muslims oppose U.S. because they had considerable power under Hussein who was also a Sunni.
Sunnis were the minority population. Put in power by US

26. Summary: “Mideast Land Conflict Now Includes Street Signs” (New York Times, April 2010)
A street in Ramallah is named after the most cunning Hamas bomb maker of the 1990s.

27. Martyrdom his the highest hope some terrorist families have for their children

28. Madrasas Islamic schools that teach the Koran and hatred for Israel, the West and the US