Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions and Quantities
Types of Reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
2
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Type of Reactions Chemical reactions are classified into four general types Combination Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
3
Combination (Synthesis)
Two or more elements or simple compounds combine to form (synthesize) one product A + B AB 2Mg + O2 2MgO 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl SO3 + H2O H2SO4 LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
4
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Decomposition One substance is broken down (split) into two or more simpler substances. AB A + B 2HgO 2Hg + O2 2KClO3 2KCl + 3 O2 LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
5
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Learning Check R1 Classify the following reactions as 1) combination or 2) decomposition: ___A. H2 + Br HBr ___B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2 ___C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3 LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
6
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Solution R1 Classify the following reactions as 1) combination or 2) decomposition: _1_A. H2 + Br HBr _2_B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2 _1_C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3 LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
7
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Single Replacement One element takes the place of an element in a reacting compound. A + BC AB + C Zn + 2HCl ZnCl H2 Fe CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
8
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Double Replacement Two elements in reactants take the place of each other AB + CD AD + CB AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 ZnS HCl ZnCl2 + H2S LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
9
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Learning Check R2 Classify the following reactions as 1) single replacement 2) double replacement __A. 2Al + 3H2SO Al2(SO4) H2 __B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3 __C. 3C + Fe2O Fe CO LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
10
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Solution R2 Classify the following reactions as 1) single replacement 2) double replacement 1_A. 2Al + 3H2SO Al2(SO4) H2 2_B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3 1_C. 3C + Fe2O Fe CO LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
11
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Combustion A reaction in which a compound (often carbon) reacts with oxygen C + O2 CO2 CH4 + 2O2 CO H2O C3H O2 3CO2 + 4H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
12
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Learning Check R3 Balance the combustion equation ___C5H ___O ___CO2 + ___H2O LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
13
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Solution R3 Balance the combustion equation 1 C5H O CO H2O LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
14
Oxidation and Reduction
Reactions that involve a loss or gain of electrons Occurs in many of the 4 types of reactions and combustion Important in food metabolism, batteries, rusting of metals LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
15
Requirements for Oxidization-Reduction
Electrons are transferred Two processes occur Oxidation = Loss of electrons (LEO) Zn Zn2+ + 2e- Reduction = Gain of electrons (GER) Cu e Cu LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
16
Balanced Red-Ox Equations
Combine the oxidation and reduction reactions to make Loss of electrons = Gain of electrons Zn + Cu2+ + 2e- Zn2+ + 2e- + Cu Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
17
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Gain/Loss of Hydrogen In organic and biological reactions oxidation = Loss of H reduction = Gain of H LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
18
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Learning Check R3 Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or a reduction process: __A. Sn Sn e- __B. Fe e- Fe2+ __C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl- LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
19
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Solution R3 Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or a reduction process: 1_ A. Sn Sn e- 2_ B. Fe e- Fe2+ 2_ C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl- LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
20
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Learning Check R4 In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction Ag+ + Cl Ag Cl A. Which reactant is oxidized 1) Ag ) Cl ) Ag B. Which reactant is reduced? 1) Ag ) Cl ) Cl LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
21
LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Solution R4 In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction Ag+ + Cl Ag Cl A. Which reactant is oxidized 2) Cl Cl- Cl + e- B. Which reactant is reduced? 1) Ag+ Ag+ + e Ag LecturePLUS Timberlake 99
Similar presentations
