1. Classification of Matter

2. What is Matter?
Everything around you—water, air, plants, and your friends—is made up of matter.
All matter is composed of about 110 different kinds of atoms
How small do you think an atom is????
Atoms can be physically mixed or chemically joined together to make up all kinds of matter.

3. Benefits of Classification
What have you already classified in science??
What are some examples of places where you use classification in your everyday lives??
In chemistry classification allows us to predict what characteristics a sample will have based on what you know about other like it.

4. Different Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances
A Sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
Every pure substance has characteristics that can be used to identify it.
Can be physical or Chemical
Copper always melts at 1080 degrees Celcius (physical)

5. Different Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances
Elements are Pure Substances
Contain only one kind of atom.
What are some examples???
Each element has its own set of physical and chemical properties and has a unique chemical symbol.

6. Different Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances
Elements as single atoms or as Molecules
A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together
Usually consist of two or more atoms in a definite ratio. If an element consists of molecules those molecules consist of one atom.

7. Different Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances
Some atoms such as Nitrogen and Oxygen are found joined in pairs in air
These types of elements are known as diatomic elements
Some elements have more than one form
Oxygen Gas and Ozone
Allotrope is one of a number of different molecular forms of an element.

8. Different Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances
Compounds are pure Substances Too!!
A compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Do you know some examples of compounds??
Compounds can be made from there elements and broken down into their separate elements; however, it does take a great deal of energy…example: Mercury II Oxide
Compounds are represented by formulas
Molecular, structural, ball-and-stick, and space filling model

9. Different Classifications of Matter
Mixtures
A mixture is a sample of matter that contains two or more pure substances.
What are some examples of mixtures???
Food, air…
Why is water not a mixture??
A mixture does not have the same balance of ingredients
Properties can vary because of this

10. Different Classifications of Matter
Mixtures
Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Pure substances are distributed evenly throughout the mixture
14K Gold, gasoline, sweetened tea, air are examples
Their different components can not be seen—not even with a microscope
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Contains substances that are not evenly mixed, and can be seen. (Sand and Water)
Different Regions have different properties

11. Types of Matter Elements Heterogeneous Mixtures Mechanical Mixtures
(one type of atom)
ex. carbon, nitrogen
Heterogeneous Mixtures
(different throughout)
Mechanical Mixtures
(can be separated by hand)
ex. trail mix
Matter
(has mass and takes up space)
Pure Substances
(one type of matter)
Mixtures
(more than one type of matter)
Compounds
(>one type of atom)
ex. sugar, salt
Colloids
(do not separate)
ex. fog, milk
Suspensions
(separate)
ex. oil and water, paint
smallest particle size
largest particle size
Homogeneous Mixtures
(same throughout)
Solutions
ex. salt water
TYNDALL NEGATIVE
TYNDALL POSITIVE

12. Properties of Matter Physical properties Chemical properties
Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance.
Ex: density, color, melting point, odor…
Chemical properties
Characteristics of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the identity of the substance.
Ex: flammability, reactivity with air, reactivity with acid…

13. Changes in Matter Physical Changes Chemical Changes
Changes that do not alter the identity of a substance.
Ex: tearing, crushing, getting wet, melting, boiling…
Chemical Changes
Changes that alter the identity of a substance (a new substance is formed)
Ex: burning, reacting with acid …

14. Separation of Mixtures
Matter
(has mass and takes up space)
Pure Substances
(cannot be physically separated—must use a chemical reaction)
Mixtures
(can be physically separated)
Heterogeneous Mixtures
(different throughout)
Homogeneous Mixtures
(same throughout)
crystallization
(separating a solid from a liquid)
distillation
(separating two liquids using boiling points)
chromatography
(separating pigments using water affinity)
filtration
(separating using particle size)
smallest particle size
largest particle size