1. The Treaty Negotiations
Background
The War of independence
I.R.A. guerrilla
warfare/ambushes
Black and Tans burning of Cork and attack on Croke Park
Deaths 1,400
Truce called 11th of July 1921

2. The Treaty Negotiations
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 had partitioned Ireland
The Treaty Negotiations
Early stage- July to October 1921
De Valera and Lloyd George met 4 times
De Valera wanted a 32 county Republic
Lloyd George wanted Ireland to remain in the Commonwealth and to keep the parliament in Northern Ireland

3. Negotiations– October to December 1921
The Irish delegation consisted of: Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith, Robert Barton, Eamon Duggan, Charles Gavin Duffy and Erskine Childers.
De Valera did not go. He stayed in Dublin
The English delegation consisted of: Lloyd George, Winston Churchill, Austen Chamberlain and Lord Birkenhead. They were very experienced negotiators.

4. The Terms of the Treaty
The Irish Free State would have “Dominion Status” the same as Canada and Australia
The King would be represented in Ireland by a Governor-General
Members of the Dail would have to take an Oath of Allegiance to the King
3 Treaty Ports- the British would be kept by the British Navy
A Boundary Commission was to be established to decide on the border with Northern Ireland

5. The treaty caused deep divisions in the country
Reaction to the Treaty
The treaty caused deep divisions in the country
the Cabinet were divided
the Dail was divided
the I.R.A was divided
the country was divided
Families were divided

6. Arguments in favour of the Treaty
the treaty was the best deal available
the alternative was to resume war which many in the I.R.A. felt they could not win
it was better than Home Rule
Michael Collins suggested that the treaty was “a stepping stone” to a full Republic
the Boundary Commission would deal with the issue of the border

7. Arguments against the Treaty
People had fought and died for a Republic. The Irish Free State was not a republic
Dominion status would let Britain interfere in Irelands affairs
the Oath of Allegiance to the King outraged many republicans
the 3 treaty ports proved Ireland was not independent

8. People in favour of the Treaty
Griffith,
Collins,
Mulcahy,
Cosgrave
People against the Treaty
De Valera
Brugha
Stack
The Dail
64 For Against

9. The Irish Civil War
the I.R.A. split on the Treaty
the Anti-Treaty I.R.A. refused to accept the treaty. They were known as the irregulars.
Led by Rory O’Connor they took over the four courts
Collins shelled the four courts. The fighting in Dublin lasted a week.
the anti-treaty forces were strongest in Munster

10. Michael Collins was killed in an ambush in Beal na mblath, Co. Cork
the Civil War caused a lot of bitterness
about 4,000 people were killed
there was a lot of damage done to property
Frank Aiken called a ceasefire to end the Civil War