1. Marbury v. Madison
Established judicial review and the ability to declare a statute void - as a legitimate power of the Court.

2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
Ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not sue for freedom

3. Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate facilities for blacks and whites satisfied the Fourteenth Amendment so long as they were equal. Set up Separate but Equal

4. Brown v. Topeka
The landmark decision by the Supreme Court that desegregated public schools throughout the country.

5. Schenck Vs. United States
Set up “Clear and Present Danger” in public speech

6. Miranda v. Arizona
Person arrested must be informed of their rights to remain silence and a lawyer.

7. States can not tax federal banks. Set up implied Powers
McCulloch v. Maryland
States can not tax federal banks. Set up implied Powers

8. Engel v. Vitale
Recitation of prayer written by state cannot be said in public schools

9. Roe v. Wade
Decided states were limiting abortion too much, interpreted as right to an abortion

10. Gibbons v. Ogdon
Federal law has supremacy over state law

11. Barron Vs. Baltimore
Constitution limitations ( Bill of Rights) restrained only the national government, not in the states and cities.

12. University of California Vs. Bakke
Court force University to eliminate the special admissions program based only on race. But allowed institutions to take race into account. Set up reverse discrimination

13. United States Vs. Nixon
The President must turn over tapes to Congress. No person, not even the president of the United States, is above the law.

14. Miller Vs.California
Obscene Material is not protected by the first amendment. Set up guideline for obscenity laws

15. Gideon v. Wainwright
Supreme Court stated that all defendants are guaranteed to have a lawyer represent them if they can not afford one and to expand the 6th amendment to include representation to everyone no matter what degree of charge.

16. Wallace v. Jaffree A law was passed in Alabama calling
for a minute of meditation before school began. The law was amended in 1981, changing the wording from only “silent meditation” to adding “or voluntary prayer”. This made it unconstitutional

17. Gitlow v. N.Y
New York attempted to outlaw certain speech. For the first time the supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of speech, could be applied to the states.

18. Bush v. Gore
A 7-2 majority of justices found that a ballot recount then being conducted in certain counties in the State of Florida was to be stopped due to the lack of a consistent standard.
A 5-4 majority further declared in a per curiam opinion that there was insufficient time to establish standards for a new recount that would meet Florida's deadline for certifying electors.

19. Adarand Constructor v. Pena
United States Supreme Court case which held that all racial classifications must be analyzed by a reviewing court under a standard of "strict scrutiny," the highest level of Supreme Court review a "compelling governmental interest."

20. Everson v. Board of Education
United States Supreme Court case in American Establishment Clause law. In addition to incorporating the Establishment Clause (applying it to the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment),

21. Lemon Vs. Kurtzman
Direct government assistance to religious school was unconstitutional. Set up guidelines for state to help religious schools.

22. Gregg v. Georgia
Death Penalty ruled constitutional

23. Webster Vs. Reproductive Health Services
Supreme Court ruled that public money could not be used to fund public facilities of abortion. And after the fetus is 20 weeks old, the doctor must test the ability
to survive.

24. Furman Vs. Georgia
Case raised the question of racial imbalances in the use of the death penalty
Court ruled that there was an “apparent arbitrariness use of the sentence”

25. California Vs. Greenwood
Courts ruled that garbage cans left in the street are not expected to remain private, so the evidence is admissible.

26. Evidence Found in an Illegal Search cannot be used.
Mapp Vs. Ohio
Evidence Found in an Illegal Search cannot be used.

27. Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens
Supreme Court gave a group of students permission to form a Christian Club. Declared the Equal Access Act constitutional

28. Tinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Court allowed students to wearing black armbands to protest Vietnam.

29. Wesberry V. Sanders
Set up “ One man- One Vote” doctrine. Man most Gerrymandering unconstitutional. Majority-Minority gerrymandering is constitutional.

30. Clinton V. City of N.Y.
SC declared the Line-Item Veto Act 1996 unconstitutional. SC said president was using powers given only to the Congress.