2. Embryology research. Researcher using forceps while preparing a specimen of a mouse embryo during research on the embryology of the heart. The mouse embryo has been prepared so that only the skeleton is left. Photographed at the IBDML, the Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy, France.

3. Structures that Support the Embryo
Label the diagram below and describe what each part contributes.
Amnion: transparent sac
Yolk Sac:
 Allantois: 
Chorion: 

4. Structures that Support the Embryo
Label the diagram below and describe what each part contributes.
Amnion: transparent sac, protection, contains amniotic fluid
Yolk Sac: sac suspended from abdominal area of embryo, first blood cells, digestive tract, eggs or sperm
 Allantois: becomes umbilical chord, bladder
Chorion: forms fetal portion of placenta

5. Structures that Support the Embryo
Placenta
The placenta is a disk shaped organ within the uterus that is rich is blood vessels; it attaches the embryo or fetus to the uterine wall. List some of the many functions of the placenta: 
* Fetal and maternal blood does not mix!
 The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the fetus (at its belly button).
Provides nutrients and oxygen to embryo

6. Structures that Support the Embryo
Fetal and maternal blood does not mix!
Umbelical cord and placenta? Which is which?

7. Fetal Development and Birth
Hormonal Changes
The thickened endometrium is maintained by the release of progesterone from the corpus luteum. (1-2 months)
The corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone released from the developing placenta called HCG: (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
After approximately 2 months, the placenta decreases HCG production and increases progesterone and estrogen production.
The placenta takes on the hormonal function of the corpus luteum to maintain the pregnancy
8 Weeks

9. Some Vids
Conception to Birth
Reabsorbing Fetuses

10. Fetal Development and Birth
8 Weeks
Pregnancy Stages (3 month stages)
1st Trimester (3 months):
Placenta develops
Major organ systems develop
Bones and muscles develop

11. Kirkup’s “Alien” at 8 Weeks

14. Foetus. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of an eight week old human foetus. The foetus' eye, nose and hands are visible. The eighth week of pregnancy represents the end of the formative developmental stage, and the embryo becomes a foetus. It is human-like in appearance, with the head large in proportion to the body. All major organ systems are formed by the eighth week, but require much growth since the foetus is only about 3 centimetres in crown-rump length. Magnification: x12 when printed 10 centimetres wide.

15. Fetal Development and Birth
8 Weeks
2nd Trimester:
Activity begins (kicking)
Hair develops
Systems nearly completed
Premature babies may survive if born after the 2nd trimester.

16. Fetal Development and Birth
3rd Trimester:
Final rapid growth
Fat develops
Eyelids open and ears become functional
8 Weeks

17. Crazy Fetuses What is it?
Homer Simpson!!!
Batman!
Blind mouse!
Here kitty Kitty!
Sonic the Hedge Hog!!!
A cyclops! It’s a doggy! Suffering from cyclopia

18. MRI 36 Weeks

19. Fetal Development and Birth
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) - Video
Physical defects: Lower birth weight, congenital heart defects, CNS abnormalities.
Behavioural defects: Inattentive, hyperactive, lower IQ, depression, poor social skills.
What amount of alcohol is suggested? NONE – while trying to get pregnant, pregnant and breast feeding
Other teratogens include: some antibiotics, acne medications, anti-thyroid drugs, anti-cancer drugs, thalidomide, radiation, X- Rays, PCBS, mercury, etc.

20. Fetal Development and Birth
Other teratogens include: some antibiotics, acne medications, anti-thyroid drugs, anti-cancer drugs, thalidomide, radiation, X-Rays, PCBS, mercury, etc.
Caption: Thalidomide child. Toddler with a deformed foot that has an extra appendage on its left side. This birth defect resulted from the drug thalidomide. This was prescribed in the late 1950s and early 1960s as an anti-nausea medication and sleep aid for pregnant mothers with morning sickness. The child also has phocomelia, a deformity where the hands have developed on stunted arms (just visible at lower left). After several babies were born with phocomelia and similar birth defects, thalidomide was revealed as a terotogen (causes developmental deformities) and was banned worldwide in 1962.

21. Birth or a kick in the balls?
What hurts more?
Birth or a kick in the balls?

22. Birth-- Parturition