1. Reconstruction Chapter 4.4
Reconstruction is the period of time in which the U.S. attempted to rebuild the South after the Civil War
Period 1865 – 1877
Problems
Need to help former slaves
How to bring back the southern states?

2. Lincoln’s Plan
Before his death his plan was called the 10% Plan in which the government would pardon all Confederate officers except high ranking officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war

3. Lincoln’s Plan
As soon as 10% of the former Confederates of a state would swear an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and formed a new state government, they could be part of the U.S. again. They could also send representatives to Congress

4. Response to Lincoln’s Plan
Radical Republicans did not like Lincoln’s plan they wanted to destroy the political power of the former slave owners

5. President Johnson Johnson’s Plan was not much different than Lincoln’s
Johnson pardoned 13,00 former confederates because he thought only “white” men should manage the South

6. Congress Proposes 1866 Freedmen’s Bureau enlarge
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Gave African Americans citizenship
Forbid states from passing discrimination laws or black codes
Vetoed by Johnson
Congress overruled the President
14th Amendment – citizenship for all former slaves

7. Johnson first President to be Impeached
The House impeached but the Senate did not vote to convict
Radical Republicans not happy with Johnson

8. Ulysses S. Grant Elected President 1838
Possible due to nine out of ten African Americans voted for Grant
15th Amendment gave former male slaves the right to vote

9. Society Conditions in the South Farms ruined
Population depleted due to death during the war

10. Politics in the South
Scalawags were white Southerners who joined the Republican Party. Small farmers that did not want wealthy planters to regain power
Carpetbaggers were Northerners who went down South to make money
African Americans largest group of Southern Republicans, voting rights

11. Politics continued
All three groups had their own goals which led to a lack of unity in the Republican party

12. Former Slaves Improve their lives Form their own churches
Education needed, 95% of illiterate
Some held public office
16 African Americans elected to public office during Reconstruction. Hiram Revels first African American senator

13. Sharecropping & Tenant Farming
Landowners divide their land and assign it to other people along with tools and seeds. They were allowed to keep part of the harvest the rest went to the owner

14. Reconstruction Collapses
Klu Klux Klan (KKK) goals
Destroy the Republican Party
End Reconstruction
Stop African Americans from achieving political power
The Klan and other groups killed approximately 20,000 men, women and children

15. Effects of Reconstruction
Enforcement Acts 1870 & 1871 called for supervising elections in the South
President had the power to send in federal troops in areas where the KKK was active

16. End of Reconstruction Panic of 1873 lasted 5 years
Attention went away from the South
13th, 14th and 15th Amendments