1. Regional Consultation Group on Migration Irregular Migration Trends for Canada Honduras June 9, 2016

2. Canada Border Services Agency
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) ensures the security and prosperity of Canada by managing the access of people and goods to and from Canada.
Operations:
13,000 employees ( 7,200 uniformed officers)
1,200 points of service across Canada and 39 international locations
117 land border crossings
13 international airports
Marine operations at major ports and numerous marinas/stations
27 rail sites
3 international mail processing centers
To achieve its mandate, the CBSA is responsible for:
administering legislation that governs the admissibility of people and goods, plants and animals into and out of Canada;
detaining those people who may pose a threat to Canada;
removing people who are inadmissible to Canada, including those involved in terrorism, organized crime, war crimes or crimes against humanity;
interdicting illegal goods entering or leaving the country;
protecting food safety, plant and animal health, and Canada's resource base;
promoting Canadian business and economic benefits by administering trade legislation and trade agreements to meet Canada's international obligations;
enforcing trade remedies that help protect Canadian industry from the injurious effects of dumped and subsidized imported goods;
administering a fair and impartial redress mechanism;
promoting Canadian interests in various international forums and with international organizations; and
collecting applicable duties and taxes on imported goods.
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has over 60 Liaison Officers located in over 45 international locations around the world. International Liaison officers are posted at foreign missions around the globe and engage directly with international partners through outreach and advocacy. A total of 19 Liaison Officers (LOs) are based in the United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and The Caribbean.
Liaison Officers are deployed internationally to protect the integrity and security of the Canadian border through a range of intelligence, interdiction, investigative and liaison activities to address:
Irregular Migration
Human Trafficking and Smuggling
Immigration Fraud
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) Inadmissibility Screening (security, terrorism, war crimes, transnational crime)
Contraband
Marine Security (terrorism, piracy, weapons of mass destruction)
Liaison with OGDs, local/regional governmental, non-governmental and private sector interlocutors

3. Human Smuggling - Routing & Modus Operandi
Human smuggling is not a homogenous criminal activity; push/pull factors, travel costs, routing of travel, documents used and status upon arrival can vary significantly.
What has been observed
Air is the preferred mode of travel from Europe;
A combination air and land route is used within Latin America;
There has been a resurgence of Caribbean routes;
Migrants travel alone or in small groups;
Increasingly organized vs. self-travel;
Preference for visa-exempt passports (imposters or altered);
Use of travel packages;
Canadian documents often mean the involvement of networks.

4. Human Smuggling Through the Americas
As many foreign nationals do not require a visa to transit Brazil, Brazil is an important entry point into the Americas for irregular migrants attempting to reach the U.S. and Canada.
Foreign nationals arriving in Brazil routinely take flights to other South and Central American countries, then continue their journey overland into Mexico and the U.S.
Improperly documented migrants have been identified transiting the Bahamas, Panama, El Salvador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Mexico.
These irregular movements are generally facilitated by sophisticated human smuggling operations as they involve complex itineraries, combining air and land transport as well as false documents of various kinds.

5. Irregular Migration Trends - Americas
Areas of Concern
Human smuggling via South/ Central America – Mexico – United States (U.S.) corridor;
Claims made at land border after U.S. visa issuance;
Use of fraudulent Canadian and Schengen visas to allow visa exempt entry to Central American countries and continuing to North America.
Emerging
Venezuela
El Salvador
Mexico

6. Irregular Migration Trends - Americas
Colombian nationals applying for Canadian Temporary Resident Visas (TRVs) using improperly issued Mexican passports;
Fraudulent use of Spanish, Mexican and Chilean passports;
The growing number of suspected South American Theft Gang (SATG) members entering Canada on visa exempt Chilean passports;
Land border refugee claims.

7. Irregular Migration - Refugee Claims in Canada

8. Irregular Migration - Top Ten Source Countries for Refugee Claims in Canada
2013
2014
2015
2016
(January to April 30, 2016)
Country
Total
China
761
1,186
1,497
484
Pakistan
630
776
Hungary
982
Nigeria
414
Colombia
597
579
897
377
Syria
493
577
793
328
468
Iraq
576
701
322
Afghanistan
386
558
Slovak Republic
309
Haiti
329
469
581
305
Democratic Republic of Congo
308
461
Libya
517
245
Somalia
290
390
503
228
Egypt
255
364
496
225
National Total
10,375
13,451
16,077
6,849

9. Irregular Migration - Top Source Countries for Refugee Claims by Nationals from the Americas*
2013
2014
2015
2016
(January to April 30, 2016)
Country
Total
Colombia
597
581
702
228
Haiti
330
367
294
Venezuela
152
Cuba
199
Jamaica
192
257
146
Honduras
149
187
186
El Salvador 61
139
162
180 53
100
157
132
Mexico 38 84
110 28
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 72 81
102
Dominican Republic 26
Guatemala 69 51
Bahamas 63 22
St. Lucia 49 47 43 20
Regional Total
1,788
1,977
2,069
774
*Please note that this report excludes refugee claimants from the United States.

10. Irregular Migration - Top Source Countries for Refugee Claims by Minors from the Americas*
2013
2014
2015
2016
(January to April 30, 2016)
Country
Total
Colombia
167
144
208 63
Haiti 60 72
Venezuela 90 50
Honduras 32 65 57 17
El Salvador 21 44 51
Mexico 13
Jamaica 20 37 11
Guatemala 25 31 8
Cuba 12 22
Peru
Guyana 19
Dominican Republic 6 10
Bahamas
Antigua and Barbuda 7
Trinidad and Tobago 15
Chile 5
Regional Total
399
493
618
199
*Please note that this report excludes refugee claimants from the United States.

11. Irregular Migration - Improperly Documented Arrivals by Citizenship for 2016 (to April 30th)

12. Irregular Migration – Improperly Documented Arrivals by Citizenship for 2015

13. Irregular Migration - Last Embarkation Points for 2015 - Improperly Documented Arrivals

14. Irregular Migration – Interceptions by Citizenship for 2016 (to April 30th)

15. Irregular Migration – Interceptions by Citizenship for 2015

16. Irregular Migration – Interception Points for 2015

17. Gracias / Thank you / Merci
dasdas
Julie Duchesneau (MIAMI)
Office:
Cell:
Canada Border Services Agency
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