1. Facoltà di Scienze Economiche, Giuridiche e Politiche
Inglese
Facoltà di Scienze Economiche, Giuridiche e Politiche
Economia e Gestione dei Servizi Turistici
Lingua Inglese
UNIT 1 – TOURISM TODAY
Olga Denti
a.a. 2018/2019

2. «Sardinia, (…) is like nowhere (…) has no history, no date, no race, no offering (…) neither Romans nor Phoenicians, Greeks nor Arabs ever subdued Sardinia. It lies outside; outside the circuit of civilization (…) But there is an uncaptured Sardinia still.» D.H. Lawrence, Sea and Sardinia, 1927

3. Tourism today
English words connected with tourism today……

4. The evolution of the concept of tourism and tourist
Early forms: people going to the Olympic Games in ancient Greece, the Roman aristocracy moving to summer country residences to rest and laze around, or to sea houses to play and have fun, often near thermal and wellness centres, and
in the Middle Ages, pilgrims undertaking journeys for religious reasons.

5. After the Middle Ages: Europe’s periphery to discover new lands, new prospects, especially new business opportunities, new people, new cultures.
The XVII century Grand Tour: tourism no longer conceived as a religious journey for the discovery and fortification of faith, or as an adventure to discover new worlds, but as a ludic and cultural activity, driven by Renaissance ideals.

6. Tourism role: enabling people to meet and exchange interests, traditions, cultures
After the Napoleonic campaigns & the industry restart: from the Grand Tour to grand tourism, and mass tourism
In the 1950s and 1960s: mass tourism as a phenomenon connotated with triviality, shallowness and loss of authenticity (social control)
A comeback to traditions & cultural tourism

7. The tourist: a sort of pilgrim who visits the attractions of a destination, the symbols of different cultures, lifestyles, and traditions.
A search of the Self v the Other: the pursuit of new territories and spaces, languages and worlds
Tourism: travelling and relaxation, the experience of new traditions, food and habits, nice memories and happiness, as well as diversity and uniqueness
Today’s tourism: education & sophistication

8. What is the difference?
Trip (n) – an outward and return journey, often for a specific purpose (syn. tour, voyage).
Excursion (n) – a short outward and return journey, esp for relaxation, sightseeing, etc.
Travel (n) – the act of traveling. As a verb, to go, move, or journey from one place to another; (transitive) to go, move, or journey through or across (an area, region, etc.); to go, move, or cover a specified or unspecified distance.

9. Some more meanings… Travel: the act of journeying
Riding, roving, wandering, rambling, sailing,
touring, biking, hiking, cruising, driving, wayfaring,
going abroad, seeing the world, sight-seeing,
voyaging, trekking, flying, globe-trotting, space
travel, rocketing, orbiting, interstellar travel,
intercontinental travel, jet travel, visit
Visit (n) – stay; (v) to make a visit

10. Tourism today
Great development since the 1980s: the advent of the Internet
Data and forecasts: tourism key statistical data
The number of international tourist arrivals
The number of domestic tourist visits
Outbound (people travelling away from the country of residence) visitor expenditure
Inbound (people entering your country) visitor expenditure

11. Tourism involves:
Temporary visits
Travel to an area other than the area where the tourist normally resides
Travel for leisure
Travel for business (but excluding trips where the traveler is remunerated from within the country visited)
good management, teamwork, customer satisfaction and, therefore, communication and intercultural skills, foreign languages, and especially English

12. Reading comprehension (p.4) Match each word with its definition
Activity holidays
Computer link-ups
Computer reservations
Holograms
Long haul
Mass tourism
Orbiting the Earth
Short breaks
Underwater
Flights over long distances
Bookings
Connections, associations
Brief holidays
Large-scale tourism
Rotating, circling
Submerged, submarine
Three-dimensional image
Involving walking, cycling, etc.

13. What is the difference?
Tour operators – operate tours, combining tour and travel components to create a holiday. Niche tour operators specialize in destinations
Travel agents – inform and promote, helping you to make a choice. Once the trip is booked, you are in the hands of a tour operator

14. Some more questions… True/false:
Tourism had an extraordinary development during the 1950s and the 1980s
Future devices will be very expensive
Travelling always involves experiencing natural environments
Technology will replace face-to-face meetings
Future holidays will be longer, farther and standardized

15. PARA I – find a synonym for the noun growth
PARA II – what is a breakthrough?
PARA III – find in the text two words which mean the opposite (e.g., win/lose)
PARA IV – from the grammatical point of view, less is …
PARA V – find a synonym for the adjective marine
PARA VI – compound nouns: closed-circuit, inter-office, link-ups, long-haul

16. Writing skills: what is this article about?
General introduction (usually the article’s first paragraph(s)
Details
Conclusions with future developments

17. SAYING NUMBERS
Years Currencies
£3.15
$7.80
Decimals Bigger Numbers
17.38% ,347
,300,402
1m 3bn £7.5bn $478m

18. Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun
Your week’s emotional state

19. T R E N D S VERB NOUN decline A decline decrease A decrease double
A doubling (rare)
drop
A drop
fall
A fall
fluctuate
A fluctuation
gain
A gain
halve
A halving (rare)
improve
An improvement
increase
An increase
Level off
A levelling off
Peak
A peak
plummet
A plummet (rare)
recover
A recovery
rise
A rise
Rocket / triple
A rocket / a tripling (rare) T R E N D S

20. Adjectives and adverbs
TRENDS
Prepositions
Profits rose 11% to $2.7bn
Profits have gone up from 3m to 4m euros
Our business grew by 10% last year
There’s been a decrease of 4m euros
Last year profits stood at 2.5m pounds
Adjectives and adverbs
There was a dramatic fall; shares fell dramatically
The similarities between Enron and Ahold are striking
Prices fluctuated mildly, dropped slightly, rose steadily
Prices reached a peak, stocks had a dramatic and sudden fall

21. Describing change & consequence (p.120)
Current trends: present continuous, present continuous passive + time expressions such as currently, nowadays, at the moment;
Past trends: simple past, simple past passive, past continuous , present perfect, past perfect + time expressions;
Result or consequence: 1. tense (past, present, or future); 2. verbs such as lead to, result in; 3. expressions such as as a consequence, as a result; 4. the verb to mean.

22. Useful phrases
Re-order these words to make phrases for referring to visuals in a presentation.
25 you from this graph as can see…
__________________________________________________
26 on it’s this obvious slide…
27 this here to the see figures led you.
28 notice table from you’ll this …
29 shows what chart clearly this I mean
30 a this flow look at take chart.

23. Giving opinions, agreeing, & disagreeing
Asking for an opinion
Giving an opinion
Agreeing
Disagreeing
Neither agreeing nor disagreeing (expressing reservations)

24. Words with more than a value: pronunciation
Record to record
Export to export
Import to import
Concern to concern
Program to program

25. Prefixes
Add the following prefixes to the adjectives below to make words with the opposite meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary.
un- in- dis- im-
1. Formal 4. polite 7. friendly respectful
2. Satisfied 5. practical 8. efficient patient
3. Honest 6. considerate 9. important appropriate
Someone who is bad-mannered is impolite
Someone who ...
... doesn’t tell the truth is ____________
... wants to do things in a hurry and finish quickly ____________
... doesn’t like other people and doesn’t want to talk is _______
... works slowly and doesn’t do their job well is ___________
... doesn’t think about other people’s needs or wishes is ______
... isn’t happy with the way things happened is _____________

26. Phonetics Match column A with column B
forecast
breakthrough
future
holiday
tourism
mass
prediction
journey B
/ˈtʊərɪzəm/
/ˈdʒ3ːnɪ/
/ˈfjuːtʃəʳ/
/ˈbreɪkθruː/
/mæs/
/ˈhɒlədɪ/
/ˈfɔːkɑːst/
/prɪˈdɪkʃən/

27. What words do you recognize?
/'kʌmpənɪ/ /tekˈnɒlədʒɪ/
/ˈvɪzɪt/ /'bɪznɪs/
/ˈliːʒəʳ/ /'gləʊbl/
/'strʌktʃə(r)/  /dɪˈveləpmənt/
/rɪ'laɪəbl/  /ˈtʊərɪst/
/'kʌstmaɪz/ /ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt/
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəlɪ/ /ˈtʊəʳ/ /ˈɒpəreɪtəʳ/
/grəʊ/ /diːˈkriːs/