1. 5-6: Foreign policy Powers of the President

2. Big Idea: Constitutionalism
Enduring Understanding:
The presidency has been expanded beyond its expressed constitutional powers.
Learning Objective:
Explain how the president can implement a policy agenda.

3. Constitutional Powers
Commander-in-Chief
Civilian control of the military
Power to deploy troops
Congress declares war
No war declaration since WWII
Controversy with Congress
War Powers Resolution
Never been invoked

4. Constitutional Powers
Ambassadors
Appoints with Senate advice and consent
Receives foreign ambassadors
Recognizing nations
As well as terminating relations
Treaties
Usually negotiated through the Secretary of State
Subject to 2/3 Senate vote

5. Informal Powers Executive Agreements
Between president and a head of foreign government
Used more than treaties
No Senate approval
Non-binding
Examples
Destroyers for bases (WWII)
Vietnam peace agreement
SALT I (Cold War)

6. Informal Powers Chief Diplomat President recognized as global leader
Meets with world leaders on behalf of U.S.
Congress tends to defer to president in foreign affairs
Access to fast, confidential information
Expected to handle international crises