1. The Loyalists

2. What was the Loyalist Migration?
The Loyalists were people who supported Britain during the American Revolution.
The Loyalists moved from the Thirteen Colonies to the British colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia (formerly Acadia)
The Loyalists were refugees

3. What is a Refugee?
Refugee - a person who seeks protection in another country to escape danger in their own country

4. What sort of danger were they facing?
P. 173

5. Thoughts?
Can you think of other situations where there have been refugees?
Modern or past?
What do you know about their experiences?

6. Past and Present Refugees

10. The Loyalist Migration
Along with former 13 colonists, the Loyalist migration also included:
Black Loyalists
Haudenosaunee
German Mennonites

11. Where can the loyalists go???
Quick Review
Following the Quebec Act, British North America contained the following colonies:
The Thirteen Colonies (soon to be USA)
Quebec (filled with French Canadiens)
Nova Scotia (formerly Acadia)
Rupert’s Land (owned by HBC used only for Fur Trade)
Where can the loyalists go???

13. Impacts on the French Canadiens
Predictions?

14. Impacts on the French Canadiens
Quebec had more British settlers (10%)
Loyalists who moved there wanted British laws and customs in Quebec
Canadiens worried about their rights that were protected in the Quebec Act

15. Impact on First Nations
Predictions?

16. Impact on First Nations
Loyalists came from the 13 Colonies, where their primary job was farming...
Britain began negotiating treaties with First Nations to take over their land in order to give to the Loyalists
The Royal Proclamation said that the First Nations had to agree to give up their land…
This did not always happen
Language barries made it easy to take
advantage of FN

17. Canada a People’s History: The Loyalists

18. Loyalists Want Change – Nova Scotia
Loyalists settled with other British settlers who had taken over Acadian land
They felt different & isolated compared to other settlers
Loyalists who settled along the St. John River petitioned Britain for their own colony: New Brunswick

19. Loyalists Wanted Change - Quebec
Loyalists in Quebec petitioned the British government for British laws and customs
BUT, Quebec Act 1774 had secured French laws & customs
So, the British government responded with
The Constitutional Act of 1791

20. The Constitutional Act (1791)
Divided Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Established British law in Upper Canada
Reaffirmed the Quebec Act for Lower Canada
*Upper & lower because of location along St. Lawrence River

21. The Constitutional Act (1791)
Set aside land for the Protestant (English) churches
Guaranteed French Canadiens rights to the Catholic Church

22. The Constitutional Act (1791)
Established a representative government
In a rep gov’t, citizens elect representatives to an assembly and the assembly speaks for citizens.
It “represents” them.