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Jaan Hellat 13/06/2007 European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive – what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends.

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Presentation on theme: "Jaan Hellat 13/06/2007 European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive – what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends."— Presentation transcript:

1 Jaan Hellat 13/06/2007 European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive – what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends

2 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 2 Agenda 1st topicFrame work of emission regulationsPage 1 2nd topicIPPCPage 1 3rd topicLCP and the related BAT Reference docPage 1 4th topicIPPC hearing – IPPC reviewPage 1

3 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 3 CAFE - Clean Air For Europe Umbrella for the impact of legislative measures on the environmental quality based on complex scenarios Action: Monitor/control EU energy scenarios (data from field) and analyse input data 1a. TSAP (HEALTH) Thematic Strategy Air Pollution General targets for air quality e.g. PM10, NO x, SO x Action: Next steps concern PM2.5, NO x 15-25ppm 1b. NEC - National Emission Ceilings (HEALTH) Absolute limits for emissions for each member state Action: Monitor ceiling, lobbying Cooperation with EURELECTRIC 2. AAQ (IMISSION) Ambient Air Quality Absolute limits for imissions for each member state Action: Collect information on PM PM-limit draft position paper 3. LCPD (EMISSION) Large Combustion Plant Directive Limits value & trading allowance Action: Ended. Now IPPC Direct influence on plant designIndirect influence on plant design Emission Regulation Task Force CAFE Break down to country specific level trigger

4 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 4 Emission Regulation Task Force IPPC IPPC - Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (triggered from TSAP/NEC) Directive to regulate the permitting procedure for industrial and agricultural activities Action: Currently main discussion chapter. Monitor review. Draft position paper to be made Current Review: Inclusion of installation 20-50 MWth (offshore) Inclusion of emission trading scheme for NO x, SO x Definition of standard permit Art. 10 Right of continuance BREF LCP – BAT (Best Available Technology) Reference Documents Documents that defines best available technology in the power sector. BREF often cited/asked by customers Action: Most decisive document. Draft position paper to be made so that we do not reach our real BAT

5 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 5 Industrial Emissions Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive Solvents Directive (SE) Large Combustion Plants Directive (LCP) European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Waste Incineration Directive (WI) Titanium Dioxide Directive (TiO2) Marianne Wenning

6 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 6 Agenda 1st topicFrame work of emission regulationsPage 1 2nd topicIPPCPage 1 3rd topicLCP and the related BAT Reference docPage 1 4th topicIPPC hearing – IPPC reviewPage 1

7 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 7 What is the IPPC Directive from P J Goodsell, BP: IPPC an Update

8 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 8 Details on IPPC Permits from P J Goodsell, BP: IPPC an Update

9 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 9 Agenda 1st topicFrame work of emission regulationsPage 1 2nd topicIPPCPage 1 3rd topicLCP and the related BAT Reference docPage 1 4th topicIPPC hearing – IPPC reviewPage 1

10 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 10 What is a BREF from P J Goodsell, BP: IPPC an Update

11 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 11 Legal status of ELVs, BAT and BREF from PM Presentation: Best Avaialble Techniques for Large Combustion Plants

12 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 12 What is a BAT – how is it determined? from PM Presentation: Best Avaialble Techniques for Large Combustion Plants

13 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 13 Aspects of BAT from P J Goodsell, BP: IPPC an Update

14 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 14 Large Combustion Plant directive Gas Turbines http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/consleg/2001/L/02001L0080-20011127-en.pdf

15 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 15 Large Combustion Plant directive Gas Turbines http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/consleg/2001/L/02001L0080-20011127-en.pdf

16 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 16 The BAT Reference doc for Large Combustion Plants Gas Turbines Table 9: BAT for the reduction of NO X and CO emissions from gas-fired combustion plants

17 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 17 The BAT Reference doc for Large Combustion Plants Gas Turbines Table 9: BAT for the reduction of NO X and CO emissions from gas-fired combustion plants

18 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 18 The BAT Reference doc for Large Combustion Plants Gas Turbines Table 4: Efficiency of gas-fired combustion plants associated to the use of BAT

19 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 19 For new gas turbines, dry low NOX premix burners (DLN) are BAT. For existing gas turbines, water and steam injection or conversion to the DLN technique is BAT. For gas-fired stationary engine plants, the lean- burn approach is BAT analogous to the dry low NOX technique used in gas turbines. For most gas turbines and gas engines, SCR is also considered to be BAT. Retrofitting of an SCR system to a CCGT is technically feasible but is not economically justified for existing plants. This is because the required space in the HRSG was not foreseen in the project and is, therefore, not available.

20 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 20 Agenda 1st topicFrame work of emission regulationsPage 1 2nd topicIPPCPage 1 3rd topicLCP and the related BAT Reference docPage 1 4th topicIPPC hearing – IPPC reviewPage 1

21 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 21

22 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 22 IPPC: important tool to achieve air pollution targets Contribution of industrial activities (mainly IPPC) to total EU emissions in 2005: 55% CO2, 88% SO2, 36% NOx, 50% particulate matter, 55% VOC Compared to Member States' projected implementation of current legislation in 2020, need for further industrial emission reductions to meet Thematic Strategy 2020 targets: - 30% for SO2 - 35% for NOx - 24% for PM2.5 - 17% for VOC (source: IIASA, cost-optimized NEC emissions, work in context of NEC revision) Marianne Wenning

23 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 23 Shortcomings in implementation and enforcement Problems: Complexities in current legal framework Insufficient reduction of emissions due to lack of progress towards BAT Lack of transparency on the application of the criteria related to flexibility (technical characteristics, geographical location and local environmental conditions) Effects: Incorrect implementation (e.g. sectoral Directives used as default) or difficulties in interpretation (e.g. scope, definitions) Lower level of environmental protection Possible distortion of competition Marianne Wenning

24 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 24 Main options to address current shortcomings BAT-based permitting, role of the BREFs, effectiveness of legislation (panel 1) BREFs: more prominent or binding role Possible deviation from BAT/BREFs: more transparent justification according to criteria set in the Directive (technical characteristics of installation concerned, geographical location, local environmental conditions) EU-wide minimum standards: if insufficient progress towards BAT/BREFs, new or updated standards at EU-level Inspection, permit review: more specific provisions in legislation Marianne Wenning

25 Eva Goossens European Environment Agency (EEA) Wilfred Appelman & Tinus Pulles European Topic Centre for Air and Climate Change (ETC ACC / TNO) Theoretical potential of BAT implementation in LCP sector

26 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 26 Completeness of EPER reporting NO x and SO 2 reporting seems to be almost complete (>95%) NMVOC, PM 10, CO reports might be missing (?) (<50%)

27 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 27 Estimated BAT potential - EU 25 total Countries differ in BAT implementation. Germany, Austria, Sweden are well on the way

28 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 28 Key objectives illustrate scope for environmental performance beyond regulatory compliance (BRC) inform EC about what are measures and levels of success to promote BRC indicate IPPC supports/barriers on promoting BRC Outline of possible changes IPPC directive Beyond Regulatory Compliance …

29 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 29 Usefull links IPPC Review: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm Executive Summary of the BREF for LCP http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FAbout.htm Preparation of the review relating to the Large Combustion Plant Directive by ENTEC http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/final_report_05225.pdf TP Clean Power Concept http://www.eunitedturbines.org/home/files/Technology_Platform_ Clean_Power_Presentation_2005-03-17.pdf

30 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 30 Backup Slides

31 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 31 What is the relation between the IPPC Directive and the Directives listed in Annex II? In general, the Directives listed in Annex II contain two types of provisions in relation to specific substances and/or industrial sectors: provisions of a procedural nature setting up authorisation systems; provisions of a more substantial nature such as emission limit values or specific technical requirements. The procedural provisions setting up authorisation systems will be superseded by the permitting procedure set out in IPPC once this is fully implemented - not later than 30 October 1999 for new installations and 30 October 2007 for existing installations. In contrast, substantial provisions implying specific technical obligations will remain in force until such time as they are explicitly superseded by future legislation. Operators of industrial installations will thus be required to satisfy these technical obligations as well as the more general obligations set out in IPPC. Note that, according to Article 18(2), these technical requirements constitute minimum obligations. Therefore, stricter or additional permit conditions may need to be imposed in order to implement the IPPC Directive. The same applies to the requirements of other Community legislation, including that superseding the measures listed in Annex II or otherwise adopted after the IPPC Directive, such as the Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC, the Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC and the Solvent Emissions Directive 1999/13/EC. From: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm

32 "Towards a future policy on industrial emissions: Review of the IPPC Directive and related legislation" Stakeholder Hearing Summary of the work: Data gathering and impact assessment for a possible technical review of the IPPC Directive Patrick ten Brink, Senior Fellow & Head of Brussels Office, IEEP ptenbrink@ieep.eu www.ieep.eu On behalf of the project team: IEEP, VITO, and Bio Friday 4 May 2007, Centre de Conference Borschette (Rue Froissart 36, Brussels)

33 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 33 Presently, installations > 50 MW controlled by LCP and IPPC Directives: While LCP sets ELVs, the IPPC Directive uses permit conditions based on BAT. Reducing the threshold from 50 to 20 MW would bring more installations and sectors under IPPC, & may lead to significant emissions reductions Possible Lowering of the threshold for combustion installations in energy industries from 50 to 20 MW (or an appropriate value) thermal input Small combustion installations 1.(A) Do nothing (B) update the BREFs or guidance document to include BAT for the combustion installations less than 50 MW 2.Lowering the IPPC threshold from 50 to 20 MW 3.Lowering the threshold of the IPPC Directive to industrial installations of below 20 MW (with a threshold to be determined) Issue Problem definition Options

34 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 34 Current Practice – Scale of the sector About 3 000 combustion installations in the 20-50 MW capacity (i.e. one third of the total European combustion installations covered by EU-ETS Directive) More than 65% of them are concentrated in 6 MS (Germany, UK, Poland, France, Italy, and Denmark) Other MS having less than 150 installations each. Some installations already under IPPC as directly associated activities, but UK example suggests about 1/2 - 2/3 are still not covered

35 Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 35 Environmental Impacts For industrial small combustion installations, the emission estimates for SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 represent about 12%, 12%, 18% and 15% of total industrial combustion emissions of EU-25. The impacts for POPs and heavy metals emissions significant Environmental Impact significant and important to look at in earnest Photochemical oxidation and acidification impacts significant - about 5% of the EU-25 activity impacts

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