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Overview of World War I: From Start to Finish

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Presentation on theme: "Overview of World War I: From Start to Finish"— Presentation transcript:

1 Overview of World War I: From Start to Finish
What was the immediate spark that led to WWI?

2

3 Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilizes troops to help Serbia, France mobilizes troops to help Russia Germany declares war on Russia & France Germany entered neutral Belgium and so Great Britain declares war on Germany (so do all of the British colonies!) Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joins to help Germany

4 What about Italy? Italy reversed it allegiance and joined the war on the side of the Allies against Germany and Austria-Hungary

5 The 2 sides of WWI (main countries)
Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy (later Japan, US) Central Powers Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Colonies of European countries fought on the side of the “mother” country

6 What is the message of this source?
June 2009

7 Building Up the British Army
At the start of the war Britain could only send 100,000 troops to fight Germany (Germany’s standing army was huge – 850,000) 500,000 joined up in the first 6 weeks

8 Why did men join?

9 Conscription 1915 – a National Register listed men and women 15-65
Military Service Acts- Jan: UNMARRIED MEN May: MARRIED MEN Reserved occupations (miners and munitions workers) not called About 2,500,000 conscripted

10 Schlieffen Plan German strategy to avoid a 2 front war
Defeat France first before Russia mobilized (had already beaten France in the Franco-Prussian war) Austrian Hungary would hold off Russia and then Germany would come help defeat them.

11 Did it work? Battle of the Marne
Allies attack Germans at the Marne River Valley When more soldiers were needed, 600 taxicabs rushed soldiers from Paris to the fighting front Allied victory, Germans retreat and then begin to dig trenches Significance: ends German offensive, failure of the Schlieffen Plan puts an end to the hope of a quick war German troops near Paris Taxis rush soldiers to the front

12 Why did it fail? Germans held up by Belgians
Stopped by French & British at the Battle of the Marne. Russians also mobilized more quickly than expected.

13 Western Front: Race to the Sea
Germans attempted to work their way in order to take control of the English Channel. Allied troops fought them along the way Both sides dug trenches along the way Significance: establishes trench warfare as the main tactic used on the Western front, leading to years of STALEMATE with little movement

14 New Technology

15 War of Attrition Wear down your enemy to the point of collapse
Stalemate: Armies were at a breaking point Began drafting old men and young boys French soldiers mutinied

16 Significance: ended the Russian threat to Germany
Eastern Front Mobile- changing front lines Battle of Masurian Lakes Russian casualties: 100,000, German: 40,000 Significance: ended the Russian threat to Germany

17 USA & WWI Isolation to War

18 Debating the issues Close ties with England
GO TO WAR OPPOSE WAR Close ties with England Economic ties with Allied nations Germany invaded Belgium- neutral country British propaganda Doesn’t involve the US Pacifists- war is wrong Immigrants- ties to their old countries Socialists- the war is an imperialist struggle Parents- don’t want to send sons off to fight war

19 Steps to War Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Zimmerman Telegram
Lusitania Sussex Pledge Zimmerman Telegram

20 American Doughboys Arrive!
500,000 troops quickly arrived Give a psychological boost to the Allied troops Second Battle of the Marne: push Germans back Kaiser Whilhelm declares the war unwinnable

21 German Naval Mutiny German Navy ordered to attack British- last ditch effort Sailors viewed it as a suicide mission and refused to leave the port Resistance spread to industrial workers and then to rest of the country Germany has lost

22 End of German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates and flees the country
Allies will not negotiate with old German government The Social Democrats create a new government Weimar Republic

23 Wilson’s 14 Points Plan to create lasting peace
Some of the main ideas: No secret treaties Freedom of the Seas Reduce Arms Self-determination League of Nations

24 Armistice Day! The Eleventh day, of the Eleventh month, at the Eleventh hour November 11, 1918 at 11am


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