1. Authors names: Alexandru Bucur
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest
Faculty of Horticulture
International Student Symposium “Hortus Academicus”
March 29, 2019, Bucharest, Romania
SENSITIVITY OF SOME NEW PEACH AND NECTARINE VARIETIES TO BACTERIAL DISEASE AND ORIENTAL PEACH MOTH
Authors names: Alexandru Bucur
Coordinator Professor: Prof. dr. Florin Stanică
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

2. Introduction Peach importance
Peach is one of the most valuable fruit species due to the food, therapeutic and agrobiological attributes of the trees. This special importance is due to the quality of the fruits, the profitability of the crop in the favorable areas, the precocity of the species, the high productivity, etc.
Peaches contain, depending on the variety and growing conditions, 8,5-12,6% sugars; % organic acids; % pectic substances; protein substances; % mineral substances.
They also contain tanoid substances ( %), vitamins (C, A, B1, B2, PP, E, P) and potassium salts, iron, calcium, etc., totally 27 chemical elements.
Peaches are one of the most popular raw materials for processing in a variety of assortment: jam, juice, jam, dehydrated fruits, and frozen and other food products (Cimpoieș, 2018; Ghena and Braniște, 2003).
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

3. Introduction
Problem: bacterial disease and oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) atack on peach and nectarine.
Diseases and peach pests require many high-cost phytosanitary treatments and extensive knowledge of parasitic factors and symptomatology.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

4. Introduction Bacterial disease Oriental peach moth
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni(XANTPR)
Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae(PSDMPE)
Slope of the leaves occurs after the bacterium penetrates and appears as brown spots on the leaves, shoots, fruits or cancers on the branches
Oriental peach moth
Anarsia lineatella, Zeller
Organs targeted by oriental moth of peach are shells and fruit. The flowers enter the core of the shell in the area of ​​the terminal bud, dripping dry galleries, and traces of guld and leakage can be seen in the larval entrance area.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

5. Introduction Source consulted:
CIMPOIES G., Pomicultura specială, Ed. Prinț Caro, Chisinau
CHIRA C-L.,2005. Tehnici hortiviticole compatibile cu mediul, Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti
GHENA N., BRANISTE N., Cultura specială a pomilor, Ed. Matrix Rom., Bucuresti
GRADINARU G., Pomicultura specială, Ed. Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iasi
HOZA D., Pomologie, Ed. Prahova, Prahova
INSTITUT TEHNIQUE DE L’ AGRICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE, Produire des fruits en agriculture biologique, Ed. l’ITAB
IVAȘCU A., TOMA S., SEVERIN V., The Resistance to bacterial attack of some peach and nectarine varieties and hybrids in Romania, Acta Horticulture 592
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

6. Introduction Objective:
Study new peach and nectarine varieties through analyzing bacterial disease and oriental peach
moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) sensitivity.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

7. Materials and Methods New peach and nectarine varieties
16 new nectarin varieties on Mirobolan 29C, GF677, Saint Julien A rootstocks
- 2 rows (2017 planted)– one on Trident canopy (4 x 2 m) and other on Vertical Axe canopy (4 x 1.5 m)
15 new peach varieties on GF677, Mirobolan 29C, Adesoto rootstocks
- 2 rows (2017 planted) – one on Trident canopy (4 x 2 m) and other on Vertical Axe canopy (4 x 1.5 m)
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

8. Materials and Methods Nr.crt Nectarin Rippening date Flesh 1
Nectabelle/GF677
early June in the 66—Pyrénées-Orientales departement—France/ June 1st and June 10th
yellow 2
Early Sun Grand/SJA
3rd week of June /15-21 June 3
Delta/Mirobolan
3 rd decade of June - first decade of July 4
Big Bang/GF677
.-18 Big Top/21 June-26 june Italy/ 2-12 July - Spain 5
Big Fire/GF677
.-5 Big Top/5-10 July 6
Big Top/GF677
July 8th-13th in Emilia-Romagna, Italy/ July - Zaragoza Spania
Big top/GF677 7
Big Top/SJA 8
Nectagrand 1/SJA
very early/ 13 days before Redhaven/ July 9
Honey Royale/GF677
10-19 July 10
Caldessi 2000/SJA
10 days before Redhaven/11-17 Iulie
white 11
Nectagrand 4/SJA
15-30 July 12
Guerriera/SJA
5 days after Big Top/ July /25 July -5 august 13
Nectareine/Adesoto
July 21 and August 1st - nearly after the first fruit of ‘Zaitabo’ (Big Top®) 14
Maria Anna/SJA
.+18 redhaven/1-10 August 15
Stark Red Gold/SJA
early August 16
Nectaross/SJA
27 zile after Big Top - 4 August - 9 August/16-21 August 17
Honey Late/SJA
66 days after Big Top September
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ April 29, Bucharest, Romania

9. Materials and Methods Big Bang Royal Summer Royal Jim Sweet Henry
Sugar Time
Big Top
Big Fire
Source: VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

10. Materials and Methods No.crt Peach Rippening date Flesh 1
Sugar Time/Adesoto
17-22 June
yellow 2
Springbelle/Mirobolan
end of June / June 3
Cardinal/Mirobolan
1-10 July 4
Royal Majestic/Adesoto
5-10 July 5
Royal Glory/Adesoto 6
Nabby/Gf677
5-12 July
white 7
Royal Summer/GF677
20-25 July 8
Royal Summer/SJA 9
Sweet dream/GF677
10-15 August 10
Royal Jim/Adesoto
20-25 August 11
Sweet Henry/Adesoto
25-29 August 12
Red Top/Mirobolan
end summer 13
Sweet Ivan/Gf677
27 August - 9 September 14
Sweet Juana/Gf677
4-9 September 15
Gladys/GF677
31 August- 4 September 16
Lucius/Gf677
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ April 29, Bucharest, Romania

11. Materials and Methods Royal Summer Royal Jim Sweet Henry Sugar Time
Source: VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

12. Materials and Methods Method – Bacterial disease
Sampling 10 leaves/tree for every variety (different height) – October 2018
Cold store (3 C, 90% umidity)
Scanner Epson Expression 11000XL
Software WinFolia
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

13. Materials and Methods
Method – oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller)
Number each shoot attacked on the each tree in December 2018
First and second generation and third generation.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

14. Results and discussions
A. Bacterial disease
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

15. Results and discussions
Nectarin –significant differences between Vertical Ax and Trident
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

16. Trident and Vertical Ax
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

17. Results and discussions
Peach –no significant differences between Vertical Ax and Trident
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

18. Results and discussions
The most tolerant: Mihaela, Big Bang/GF677, Florin, Romamer, Catherine
The most sensitive: Big Fire/GF677, Honey Royal, Sweet Ivan/GF677, Nabby/GF677
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

19. Results and discussions
B. Oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) on Nectarin
Soi
Val 1 total
Val 2 total
Val 3 total
Total
Trident
Vertical Ax
NECTABELLE/GF677 27 14 87 25 32 3
146 42
EARLY SUN GRAND/SJA 19 8 9 16 1 67 18
DELTA/M29C 29 11 34 20 17 80 39
BIG BANG/GF677 12 28 92 50
BIG FIRE/GF677 13 35 15 5 36
BIG TOP/GF677 43 2 69 22
NECTAGRAND 1/SJA 6 54
HONEY ROYAL/GF677 10 4
CALDESSI 2000/SJA 30 51
NECTAGRAND 4/SJA
GUERRIERA/SJA 21 37
NECTAREINE/Adesoto 23 45
MARIA ANNA/SJA 7
STARK RED GOLD/SJA
NECTAROSS/SJA
HONEY LATE/SJA
234
157
496
201
187 55
917
413

20. Conclusions and recommendations
In the bacterial disease, to nectarine varieties, significant differences were registered according to the canopy shape (Ax Vertical more sensitive). More researches are needed.
The most tolerant varieties were Mihaela, Big Bang/GF677 and Florin. The most sensitive ones were: Big Fire/GF677, Honey Royal and Sweet Ivan/GF677.
Winfolia software can be an important and useful instrument in assessing the bacterial and pest attack
Researches will continue with bacterial analyses and further monitoring of the plants.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

21. Thank you for your attention!
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania