1. Introduction and Conclusion Paragraphs
Informative/research paper and link to Argumentative

2. Purpose on introductory paragraphs
Grab reader’s attention
Introduce the topic
Give background information
State your thesis or claim (proposition)

3. Thesis: Typically the last sentence of the introduction
While the smoking of cigarettes by teens is in decline, the consumption of e-cigarettes also known as vaping has risen in popularity causing health concerns.

4. The introduction has a “hook or grabber” to catch the reader’s attention.
Some “grabbers” include opening with a:
strong statement/headline
Quotation
Anecdote/story
Statistic/fact
Rhetorical question
Dialogue/conversation
B A R- background, argument, roadmap

5. Shocking Statement/headline
Statement/Hook: 14 year old African -American killed for allegedly whistling at a White woman.
Bridge/link: Headlines like this and pictures of this young man’s mutilated body hit newsstands all across America.
Thesis: The shocking death of Emmett Till unified people to fight against injustice. This unity led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which made it illegal to discriminate based on race or color.

6. Shocking Statement
“I’m sorry to inform you, but you have lung cancer.” This may be said to a teen in the future. We do not know the dangers of vaping. Thesis next.

7. Shocking Statement or Facts
Damage to the brain, heart and lungs
Cancerous tumor development
Harmful effects on brain and lung development, when use occurs during adolescence
These are some medical issues related to vaping. Thesis.

8. Opening with a powerful, related quotation
Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.Martin Luther King, Jr.
bridge: King’s message of peace and love helped unite people to join in peaceful protests, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycotts.
Now write your thesis:

9. Anecdote/Story
Emmett Till, a teenager from Chicago, had no idea that the South played by different rules. Little did he know that when he accepted a silly bet to flirt with a white woman, it would cost him his life. His death would lead to the unifying of many, willing to fight to end racial injustice. The death of Emmett Till was a significant event that led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Thesis:

10. Anecdote/Story
Every day, a parent finds a vape. Every day, a parent punishes a teen for vaping. Every day, teens vape despite the consequences. Thesis.

11. Dialogue/conversation
Milam: "Take off your clothes."
Slowly, Bobo, also known as Emmett Till, pulled off his shoes, his socks. He stood up, unbuttoned his shirt, dropped his pants, his shorts.
He stood there naked.
It was Sunday morning, a little before 7.
Milam: "You still as good as I am?"
Bobo: "Yeah."
According to the murderers, this was Till’s last conversation before they killed him. Till’s death was a major event in the Civil Rights Movement.

12. Dialogue/conversation
“What is that?” asked the vice principal.
“It’s my friend’s pen.”
“Really. Let’s explain this to your parent.”
“It’s my mom’s.”
Every day, students in school are caught vaping. Thesis next:

13. Rhetorical Question
Why would one murder spark the Civil Rights Movement?
If your friend jumped off a cliff, would you?

14. Rhetorical Questions
Do you know what you’re vaping? Every day, teens vape but have no idea what chemicals are lurking in the vapors. Thesis:
Do you know what chemicals are in that juice?
Every day, teens vape but have no idea what chemicals are lurking in the vapors. Thesis:

15. B A R: background, argument, roadmap
Background to the Civil Rights Movement esp. Rosa Parks/bus boycotts.
Argument- Without the Montgomery Bus Boycotts, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would not have become the leader of a peaceful, effective protest which led to the end of segregation of buses.
Roadmap- The Montgomery Bus Boycotts established Dr. King as the leader and led to the first of many successful steps leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1p64.

16. Background Information
The NSA spies on billions of citizens each day, tracking every cell phone in the world, every form of unencrypted communication, and every search people make on the internet, all while violating the basic human right of privacy and the single most important document of the United States of America: The Constitution.

17. Conclusion Conclusion Paragraph (4 sentences)
Restate thesis in an original way.
Answers how or why this is true.
Give advice, a recommendation, or a universal application on the subject.
Go full circle. Relates back to your hook.

18. Example of a conclusion
Every day, more and more teens vape, but are unaware of the risks. Vaping is so new and unregulated that the dangers and health riskes are unclear. Because research will take years, it would be wise for teens to avoid this vaping craze. If you’re in love with your pen, it’s time to break up.