1. why some earthquakes cause more damage than others?
Do Now!!!
Infer...
why some earthquakes cause more damage than others?

2. Section 5.2: Features of Earthquakes!!!
Objectives:
You will learn to explain how earthquake energy travels in seismic waves.
You will learn to distinguish among primary, secondary, and surface waves.
You will learn to describe the structure of the Earth’s interior.

3. Earthquake Information!!!
focus
interior
_______ – the point in Earth’s _________ where energy ________ occurs. Seismic _______ are produced and move _________ from the _______.
release
waves
outward
focus

5. 3 Types of Seismic Waves!!! 1. Primary (P) Waves
__________________
1. Primary (P) Waves
2. Secondary (S) Waves
3. Surface Waves

6. fastest particles back forth same wave
1. Primary (P) Waves
fastest
particles
Travel the _______ and cause rock _________ to move _____-and-______ in the ______ direction the ______ is moving
back
forth
same
wave

7. slower primary right rock waves
2. Secondary (S) Waves
slower
primary
Travel ________ than _________ waves and cause _____ particles to move at ______ angles to the direction of the _______
right
rock
waves

8. 3. Surface Waves surface side side 2 Types: 1. Love (L) Waves
Form at Earth’s ________ and cause an elliptical motion with some _____-to-_____ motion of rock particles (causes the most damage)
side
side
2 Types:
1. Love (L) Waves
2. Rayleigh Waves

9. Love (L) Waves Rayleigh Waves
The fastest surface waves and moves the ground from side-to-side
Moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving – kind of circular motion. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves.
Rayleigh Waves

11. Some Facts About Seismic Waves!!!
105
There’s an area on Earth, between ____ and ____ degrees from the ______, where no waves are detected – this area is known as the ______________
___________ waves are not transmitted through ______
________ waves are ________ and _________ but not stopped by the _______ outer core
140
focus
Shadow Zone
Secondary
liquid
Primary
slowed
deflected
liquid

12. epicenter Epicenter epicenter
Seismograph Stations
(locating the epicenter)
Need __ stations to locate the ________
________ is located at the intersection
Radius = distance to ________
epicenter 3
Epicenter
epicenter

13. Need 3 Stations to Locate Epicenter!!!

14. Epicenter is located at the intersection!!!

15. radius = distance to the epicenter

16. Using Seismic Waves to Map Earth’s Interior

17. inner outer mantle crust
______ core – iron & nickel (solid) _____ core – iron & nickel (liquid) _______ – largest layer made up of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and iron ______ –separated by Moho Discontinuity ***Seismic waves speed up and slow down due to density***
inner
outer
mantle
crust

18. __________ - are used to measure P-waves, S-waves, & surface waves
Seismographs

19. Let's Review!!! Stress elastic seismic primary secondary surface
______ builds up at the points where the surfaces of the fault touch.
When the _______ limit of the rock is exceeded, it moves, producing ________ waves.
There are three types of seismic waves including _________, ____________, and _________ waves.
A ______________ measures seismic waves.
_______ seismograph stations are needed to determine the location of an epicenter.
The inner core, the outer core, the lower mantle, the upper mantle, and the crust make up _______.
elastic
seismic
primary
secondary
surface
seismograph
Three
Earth