1. AIM: Where are agricultural regions in less developed countries?
Do Now: Watch short video.
1. Why haven’t the cocoa farmers ever tasted chocolate?2.
2. What did they think cocoa was used for?

2. Vegetative Cultivation Crops
Apple, Avocado, Canna, Cannabis, Citrus, Date, Fig, Grapes, Manioc (cassava), Nut crops, Pineapple, Pear, Poplar, Potato, Strawberry, Sugar cane, Tea, Vanilla, Willow

3. Which type of climate region is shifting cultivation most often found?

4. Humid and low latitude climate zones

5. The cleared areas are called swidden.
One weakness of Slash and Burn Agriculture is that the fires destroy the humus (degraded organic material in soil, which causes some soil layers to be dark brown or black)
As a result the soil is exhausted in a short period of time.

6. Most practitioners of shifting cultivation use hoes and dibble sticks as their primary tools.

7. Major Crops Southeast Asia – upland rice South America – corn, cassava
Africa – millet and sorghum
Others; Yams, sugarcane, plantain, vegetables

8. Factoids Subsistence farming dominates shifting cultivation.
A grand total of 5% of the world’s population partakes in shifting agriculture but it takes up 25% of the world’s land area.
It dominates parts of Africa and South America as well as Indonesia and parts of Southeast Asia
It’s inefficient and being replaced by logging, cattle ranching and cultivation of cash crops.

9. Pastoral Nomadism What is it? Where is it found?
is a form of agriculture where livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze following an irregular pattern of movement.
Where is it found?
It is found in areas of low rainfall such as the Arabian Peninsula inhabited by Bedouins and Northeast Africa inhabited by Somalis.
-Mongolia
-Nordic Sami people
-Nepalese
-Parts of Northern Africa

10. What do pastoral nomads eat?

11. Pastoral Nomads
Eat mostly grain that they gain through trading animal products with sedentary farmers.
Some members of the group might farm small gardens
Use animals for milk, clothing, and shelter

13. How do farmers pick the animals they raise?
Camel needed to support one family
Horse
Sheep needed to support one family
Goats needed to support one family

14. Pastoral Nomads do not wander aimlessly.
They practice Transhumance or seasonal migration.

15. Pastoral Nomadism
Is it rising or falling in popularity?
Why?

16. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Unlike Pastoral Nomadism and Shifting Agriculture, Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is common in areas with a high population density.
Practiced in East, South and Southeast Asia
Most work by hand or with animals rather than machines.
Farmers must pull as much from the land as possible

18. Crops for Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Wet Rice – grown Sawahs what we call paddies
In drier areas, crop rotation is practiced

19. Plantations Large farms that specialize in one or two crops.
While mostly located in LDCs, mostly owned or operated by Europeans and North Americans
Usually import workers

20. Which form of agriculture is most exploitive to people in LDCs?