1. The Restoration Colonies
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
& Modified by Mrs. Christy
WYHS Whitehall, OH

2. British economic moves
Navigation Acts
Unified Kingdom
West Indian sugar
African slaves

3. King Charles II
Proprietorship- land given to an aristocrat by the Crown
Goal was manorial system (feudalism)
Carolinas
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
New York

4. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony
Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
Renamed “New York”
England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.
England now controlled the Atlantic coast!
1664  English soldiers arrived.
Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

5. Pennsylvania

6. The Quakers
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.
Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.
BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA
Treated native peoples poorly.
This undermined the actions of the Quakers!
They offended religious & secular leaders in England.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
They met without paid clergy
Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.
Keep hats on.
Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.”
Wouldn’t take oaths.
Pacifists.

7. William Penn Aristocratic Englishman.
Embraced Quakerism after military service.
1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.
This settled a debt the king owed his father.
Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith.
He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers  his pamphlets were pretty honest.
Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.

8. Royal Land Grant to Penn
Representative assembly elected by landowners.
No tax-supported church.
Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.
Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt.
Death penalty only for treason & murder.
Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

9. Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

10. Pennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.
sumptuary laws are laws that attempt to regulate habits of consumption.
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

11. Philadelphia & Boston Compared

12. Urban Population Growth 1650 - 1775

13. The Carolinas

14. The West Indies  Way Station to Mainland America
1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina.
Names for King Charles II.
The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors].
Were squeezed out by sugar barons.
Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.
Proprietors-They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.
Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies.
Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies.
They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England].
1707  Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA.
PA promised better relations with whites.
Carolinians decided to “thin” the Savannahs before they could leave  bloody raids killed most of them by 1710.

15. Back to England… Mercantilism
Theory- colonies produce agricultural good & raw materials then English merchants would carry them to England
Some good would be traded
Others would be manufactured then exported
Good from America had to pass through England
England had 3 commercial war &ticked of Mass.
James III combined many of the colonies

16. James II “Divine right of Kings” Navigation Acts
Dominion of New England
Mass. Bay, CT, RI, & Plymouth
Glorious Revolution- William & Mary
James was openly Roman Catholic and had a son (heir)
Whigs led a bloodless coup & Mary & William of Orange (Protestant), signed the Declarations of Rights which established a constitutional monarchy
To justify their coup- John Locke wrote the Two Treatises on Government (1690), rejected divine right theory, consent of the governed, unalienable natural rights to life, liberty, & property
Another period of lax administration from the Crown.

17. Northern Maritime Economy
New England & West Indies
NE would ship wheat, corn, bread
Bills of exchange
Credit from England used to buy slaves from Africa & pay for North American goods

18. Effects More transatlantic trade More British & German migrants
Growing cities
Growing upper class
Growing large working class
More factories to refine raw sugar & turn molasses into rum
500 transatlantic voyages in 1680s to 1500 in 1730s

19. Salutary Neglect King George I & II Loophole in the new Navigation Act
Helped the French West Indies produce low-cost sugar & outsell Britain in Europe
Led to the Molasses Act 1733
currency issues
Currency Act 1751
After the Glorious Revolution, English colonies followed suit by limiting royal powers
~ ignored the King’s instructions to provide a royal governor with a permenant salaries or pay them at all
~ took control of taxation & local appointments
~ social elite in charge, would intermarry, but still had listen to the mobs
~ Sir Robert Walpole, War of the Austrian Succession, The War of Jenkins’s Ear)aa