1. Introduction to physiology
Nerve and Muscle
Dr. Barney Ward, Consultant Anaesthetist

2. Nerve & Muscle Neurophysiology is a huge subject!
How do nerves conduct signals?
How they connect to muscles?
How simple reflex arcs work

3. Nerve Structure

4. Nerve Conduction
Electrical nature of nerve conduction discovered in 1791
Physiological nerve conduction occurs in one direction only
But can go both ways in the lab
Impulses arise due to changes in the cell membrane

5. Nerve Conduction
Channels for sodium and potassium ions exist in memebrane
Changes in voltage cause these to open & close
Result is self-propagating wave of depolarisation

6. The Action Potential

7. The Action Potential

8. Myelin

9. Nerve / Muscle Junction

10. Feedback & Muscle Control