1. Cardiovascular System
Ch. 37 & 38-3

2. Cardiovascular System
FUNCTION: Distributes O2 & nutrients to cells in body

3. Blood Components
1. Plasma – liquid portion of blood (90% H2O)
2. Red blood cells – carry O2 from lungs to body cells
contains hemoglobin (transports O2)
made in bone marrow

4. 3. White blood cells (lymphocytes) – defends body against disease
made in bone marrow
4. Platelets – cell fragments that help blood clot

5. Blood Vessels
1. ARTERY – large, thick vessel
carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY from heart
2. VEIN – large, thick vessel
carry DEOXYGENATED blood TO heart

6. 3. CAPILLARY – tiny, thin vessels (one cell thick)
gases & nutrients from cells diffuse through vessel walls into blood

7. Blood Types
A: A antigens; receive type A, O blood
B: B antigens; receive type B, O blood
AB: A & B antigens; receive type A, B, AB, O blood
O: no antigens; receive type O blood

8. Rh Factors “+” is dominant to “-” Rh+ = receive Rh+ or Rh-
Rh- = receive Rh- only

9. Pathway of Blood
Oxygenated blood enters…
1. Pulmonary vein (“Pulmonary” = LUNG) into…
2. Left atrium
3. Left ventricle
4. Aorta – blood goes out to BODY (gets deoxygenated)

10. Deoxygenated blood returns to heart through…
5)Superior vena cava (upper body) …or through…
6) Inferior vena cava (lower body)
7. Right atrium
8. Right ventricle

11. 9. Pulmonary artery - blood sent to LUNGS (to get oxygenated)
(CO2 exchanged for O2)
Oxygenated blood enters pulmonary vein

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13. Respiratory System: 37-3
FUNCTION: Exchange gases (CO2 & O2) to & from circ. sys.

14. How do we breathe?
INHALE – rib muscles & diaphragm CONTRACTS (rib cage up / diaphragm down)
EXHALE – rib muscles & diaphragm RELAX (rib cage down / diaphragm up)

15. Inhalation & Exhalation
Air inhaled
Diaphragm
Rib cage rises
Air exhaled
Rib cage lowers
Inhalation
Exhalation

16. Pathway of Air
1. NOSE & MOUTH
Cilia & mucus trap foreign material
2. PHARYNX – area common to food & air
Q: How does the body separate the two?

17. EPIGLOTTIS – small flap preventing food from entering lungs
3. LARYNX – voice box
4. TRACHEA – tube connecting pharynx to lungs

18. 5. BRONCHUS (pl. bronchi) – branching of trachea into each lung
6. BRONCHIOLES – smaller branches of bronchi throughout lungs

19. 7. ALVEOLI – sacs/clusters of capillaries (at end of bronchioles)
CO2 & O2 exchanged by diffusion

21. Excretory System: 38-3
FUNCTION:
1. Removes wastes
2. Maintains homeostasis (regulates water & substances in blood)

22. Pathway of Excretory:
1. RENAL ARTERY – sends wastes & nutrients in blood TO KIDNEY [“renal” = kidney]
2. KIDNEY – filters blood to remove wastes

23. NEPHRON – filtering unit (inside kidney); collects waste to form urine
Formation of Urine
1) Blood enters nephron in kidney (w/ wastes)

24. 2) Ions, H2O, glucose & amino acids reabsorbed into blood
Renal vein – sends “clean” blood back TO HEART
3) Excess H2O, ions & waste (urea) form urine

25. 3. URETER – tube transporting urine
4. URINARY BLADDER – stores urine
5. URETHRA – tube passes urine to outside of body

26. Kidney (Cross Section)
Cortex
Medulla
Vein
Artery
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra