1. Human Growth and Development
Day #4
September 17, 2012
Fort Omaha 2 – 3:55 p.m.

2. Agenda for Day #3 Identifying Variables Continue Methods
Cohort group activity
Reminder – extra
credit opportunity –
Powwow Saturday

3. Common Methodologies Surveys Interviews Questionnaires Observations
Participant
Unobtrusive
Simulated
Case studies
Experimental Studies

4. Approaches to developmental studies
Cross- sectional studies study several age groups simultaneously
Longitudinal studies study the same subjects over a period of time
Sequential studies

5. Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation – two events or variables appear to be related to one another
Causation – one event or variable can be shown to “cause” the other to happen
can be established only through experimental studies.

6. Design of Experiment DV Pretest Post-test Control group
Experimental Group
Apply IV

7. Ethical Issues Do not deceive, coerce or harm the subjects
Collect data using ethical procedures
Protect confidentiality of subjects
Report results accurately

8. Opening Day Survey
Hypothesis: Men and women will differ in their preference for comfort/snack foods.
Men are more likely to prefer salty or savory snacks whereas women are more likely to prefer sweet foods.
IV = sex of the individual (variables are never the people; some characteristic of the person)
DV = snack/comfort food preference; salty or sweet foods

9. Survey Results Can I support my hypotheses?
Sex
Sweet
Salty/Savory
Not scored
Male 7 1
Female 16 20
Total (N=52) 23 27 2
Can I support my hypotheses?
If I were on a committee working with the bookstore and food service/ vending for the College, how might I use these results?

10. Cohort Group Activity
How one develops depends on the context in which they have the opportunity to develop.

11. Questions to discuss
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

12. Group Activity in Progress 10 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

13. Group Activity in Progress 8 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

14. Group Activity in Progress 6 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

15. Group Activity in Progress 4 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

16. Group Activity in Progress 2 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

17. Summary Report Out of results now!

18. Roll Call Report-out
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

19. Birth Cohort or Generational Effects
Different generations can have unique experiences
Your generation grew up with computers
100 years ago people didn’t have radio
Your grand parents and/or great-grandparents may have lived through World War Two or the 1930s Great Depression
When (and where) you were born could affect nutrition, sleeping arrangements, your age at marriage, political preferences, etc.
In cross-sectional studies or “one-shot”, cohort and aging effects may become entangled
© 2009 Allyn & Bacon Publishers

20. Photo: While undergoing spina bifida surgery in utero, 21-week-old fetus Samuel Armas grips the finger of Dr. Joseph Bruner through the incision.
August, 1999

21. 2003
March 2007
“Samuel arrived on Thursday, Dec. 2 at 6:25 pm at Northside Hospital weighing 5 lbs 11 oz and 20 1/2 " long. He was born at 36 weeks but came into the world screaming his head off! He did not have to spend any time in a neonatal unit and came home with us on Monday, Dec. 6.” quote from Mother
members.tripod.com/~joseromia/samuel.html

22.
May, 2009

23. Genetics and Genetics and Human Development

24. Human Karotype .

25. GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Each of us carries a “genetic code” that we inherited from our parents
A fertilized human egg carries this human code
fertilized human egg cannot grow into any other species

26. Human Genetics
Each of us began life as a single cell weighing about one twenty-millionth of an ounce
This cell contained our entire genetic code

27. Chromosomes Nucleus of each human cell contains chromosomes
thread-like structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
DNA is a complex molecule that has a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information

28. DNA Molecule
For more detail:

30. Genes Genes - units of hereditary information
short segments of DNA
Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins
Proteins
the building blocks of cells
the regulators that direct the body’s processes
(Mader, 2008)

32. Human Genome Project Preliminary map of the human genome
the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism
Each human has 20,000 – 30,000 genes

33. Assignment
Finish reading Chapters 1 – 2