1. Jeffersonian Republic 1800-1812

2. A New Style Of Government
Jefferson tried to cutback on government
He reduced the size of the army
Halted an expansion of the navy
Cut back on costs of government social functions

3. Jeffersonian Restraint
Jefferson surprisingly kept most of Hamilton’s Financial Plan intact
Kept most of government officials
Did get rid of excise tax
As a president, Jefferson is pragmatist rather than an idealist
Alien and Sedition Acts expire – prisoners pardoned
Congress enacted new naturalization law
Succeeded in cutting national debt and balancing budget by cutting government spending.
Government that governs least, governs best

4. THE “MIDNIGHT JUDGES”
As Adams is about to leave office, he pushes through Congress the Judiciary Act of 1801
He adds 16 new federal judges!
All the new judges are…Federalists. (Adams hopes to influence future federal judiciary decisions.)

5. JOHN MARSHALL AND THE SUPREME COURT
Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice; Marshall served for 30 years
Helped to strengthen the Supreme Court
Ruled on some of the most important cases in US history

6. JEFFERSON’S REACTION TO ADAMS’ “PACKING THE COURT”
Furious! – Jefferson argues that some of the documents authorizing the appointments had not been delivered by the time Adams left office, they were invalid
THIS LED TO ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COURT CASES OF ALL TIME:
MARBURY v. MADISON
This case establishes the court’s power of judicial review

7. The Louisiana Purchase
1801, Napoleon persuades Spain to return Louisiana to France.
Jefferson does not want a French presence mid-continent
Offers to buy New Orleans & western Florida from the French
Sends James Monroe to negotiate with Napoleon to purchase New Orleans for $10 million

8. “Let’s Make a Deal”
Napoleon had tried to re-conquer France’s most important island colony (Haiti), but failed
Napoleon wants to sell all of Louisiana!
Monroe and Livingston (US Ambassador to France) close the deal for $15,000,000

9. Is the Purchase Constitutional?
Jefferson actually doubted that the government could legally buy Louisiana
He was a “strict constructionist” – no where in the Constitution does it say a President can buy land
It will cost and the debt will rise
Federalists dislike it b/c new western lands will be loyal to the Republicans
But Senate ratified the treaty.
Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of the US
Western half of richest river valley in the world
Guaranteed Mississippi waterway to the Gulf of Mexico including N.O.
Paved the way for expansion
Ended European expansion in North America
Avoided war w/ France
Boosted American nationalism

10. LEWIS AND CLARK
“The Corps of Discovery” – Jefferson appoints Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory
From St. Louis to the Pacific
Information about unknown plants and animals
Learn as much as possible about Native Americans as they travel through the region
2 years and 4 months resulting in acquisition of invaluable info about the western territories
Sacajawea serves as interpreter and guide

11. Tripolitan War 1801-1805 Attacked by pirates of N. Africa
Pasha of Tripoli declared war
on U.S.
Jefferson wanted to reduce the size of the military but sent new navy to Tripoli
U.S. Navy led by Stephen Decatur
US pays $60,000 for the release of captured Americans & Tripoli stops attacks

12. Jefferson reelected in 1804

13. Burr Conspiracy Burr vice president under TJ
Small group of Federalist extremists plotted New England’s secession from the union and the creation of a seven-state northern confederacy
Federalist-dominated New England felt threatened by Jefferson’s political dominance & the LA Purchase
Tried to get Hamilton to run for governor of NY then lead the secessionist movement - Hamilton refused
They then turned to Burr
Hamilton defeated Burr in NY Governor election
Burr challenged him to a duel – killed Hamilton

14. Burr Conspiracy
1806 – Burr made an alliance with the governor of the Louisiana Territory and planned to separate the western US from the east
Burr was betrayed by the governor, who told Jefferson
Burr arrested & tried for treason
John Marshall dropped the case when 2 witnesses for government couldn’t be found
Burr flees to Europe

15. Jefferson: Impressment & Embargo
Seas ruled by Britain
Britain at war w/ France
Chesapeake Affair
British Commander of the H.M.S. Leopard demanded surrender of four alleged Br. deserters on the U.S.S. Chesapeake - American captain refused
Leopard fired at the Chesapeake: 3 dead; 18 wounded
British deserters were arrested
Jefferson called for action
Forbade British ships to dock at American ports
Ordered state governors to bring up militia

16. Embargo Act 1807 Banned the exportation of any goods to any countries
Jefferson hoped to force France & England to respect Americans
Hurt the profits of US merchants – hated by Americans
Repealed in 1809 – replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act – opened trade to everyone except Britain & France

17. James Madison Becomes President

18. Madison’s Gamble 1809 – James Madison becomes 4th President
Congress issued Macon’s Bill No. 2
Reopened American trade with the world
Britain refuses to allow trade with French
US, in return, embargoes only Britain
Macon’s Bill No. 2 leads to War of 1812

19. The British & The Indians
Congress meets in 1811
“War Hawks” wanted to go to war with Britain and wanted to eliminate Indian threats to pioneers
Tecumseh – Shawnee- unified many Indian tribes in an alliance with the British
British provide weapons to Indians to fight settlers
William Henry Harrison – governor of Indiana Territory – defeated the Shawnee at the Battle of Tippecanoe

20. Mr. Madison’s War
June 1, 1812 – Madison asks Congress for a declaration of war against Britain – passes
Democratic-Republicans who supported the war felt that the country had to assert American rights to the world
Wanted to invade Canada to defeat Indians
Federalists supported Britain
War of 1812 becomes “2nd War for Independence”